How to fetch record based on value

How to fetch record based on value

I am create a custom module (Countries). Countries module contain country name and length field.In leads module i am create a function. In this function how to fetch record based on the country name .
Example :
Countries Report:
country Name : India      Length :10
country Name : India      Length :10
Leads :
Country :India
-----------------------------------------------------
fun(map lead)
{
//fetch record based on the country
}
Qn: How to fetch record based on country in leads function