How do I store historical data of customer records for trend analysis?

How do I store historical data of customer records for trend analysis?

I am attempting to build a customer profile database that tracks historical data. I work in high performance athletic care. Almost 100% of our business centers around long term care rather than Sales or Deals. For that reason we need a robust solution for tracking incremental incremental changes in a great deal of information over time for each individual, similar to a hospital patient care system.

Examples include practice attendance records, injury and therapy progression over time, improvements in race times, changes in body composition or weight, fatigue and sleep quality over time, laboratory blood tests, etc. Numbers, date stamped text notes, and other data types are needed.

EXAMPLE: repeat doctor visits with dated notes on injuries and therapy that appears in a "therapy notes" field under the athlete profile--
      07-04-2019      Coach X: sprained ankle....pain 8/10, X-ray negative, Dr recommends....
      07-05-2019      Dr. Z:       Prescribed xyz, swelling down...MRI scheduled....
      07-12-2019       Coach A: Athlete reports pain reduced, Dr. clears for retraining....

Historically this is the type of thing a spreadsheet table is great at, but I want to be able to have a GUI and dashboard for better use than spreadsheets allow. I am a Zoho One subscriber so have access to other apps.

I am aware this is a broad question. I want to know, is this type of thing possible? If so, what are the best practices of implementing this history tracking? I am very new at databases but willing to work and learn.