Different access configuration within the same module

As far as I know, with a combination of roles, sharing with peers, and data sharing rules, you can configure a thing like this:
In module A, users with the role 1 see only the records they own

In module B, users with the role 1 see all the records owned by their peers

Two behaviours here: seeing only your records vs seeing your peers' records.

My question is: is it possible to configure these behaviours for different records within the same module?

Not in a manual way, sharing records one by one. In a systematic way, based on a field.

I have two layouts in the Deals module. I want all the users to see each other's deals in layout 1, but only the deals they own in layout 2. However, I have been told that it isn't possible to do this within the same module, and to replace one of the layouts with a custom module.

Thanks!