In a reporting system often you might require combining data from two or more tables to get the required information for analysis and reporting. To retrieve data from two or more tables, you have to combine the tables through the operation known as "Joining of tables". Joining is a method of establishing a relationship between tables using a common column.

In Zoho Analytics you can join tables to create reports using one of the following two methods.

• Auto-Join
  
• Query Table

Auto-Joining Tables

When you want to create reports using data spanning across multiple tables, Zoho Analytics provides you with a special feature called Auto-Join . This feature automatically joins tables when creating reports, if the tables are connected using a Lookup column. For this feature to work, you need to specify that two tables are related using the Lookup column. To define a lookup relationship between two tables, it is essential that the tables have at least one column which is common between them. Let's look at this further with an example.

Here's an example to illustrate how to define lookup columns and how Auto-Join combines tables while creating reports, based on lookup relationship

"Store Sales Workspace" Model:

In the Store Sales Workspace model given above, the Sales and Sales Person tables have a common column called Sales Person ID . In the 'Sales' table, every sale is associated to the Sales Person Id , who did the sale. In the 'Sales Person' table, each salesperson is identified by a unique id specified in the column Sales Person ID . Similarly, Sales and Product Details tables have a common column called Product_ID . In the 'Sales' table, each sale is associated with a product identified by the column Product_ID . In the Product table each product is identified by a unique id specified in the column Product_ID .

Given these related columns, we can define lookup relationship between Sales and Sales Person table through the column Sales Person ID. Similarly, between Sales and  Product Details tables a lookup relationship can be established based on the common column Product_ID . Once the lookup column relationship is defined Zoho Analytics will automatically join data from these tables using the Auto-join feature when you start creating reports based on these tables.

Defining Lookup

You can define lookup form your existing table or while importing. You can also define a lookup from the report editor. The following section explains how to define lookup between tables. 

From Table 

This section explains how the lookup relationship is defined from tables.

Let's assumed that we have a  Store Sales Workspace  with the tables as described in the above section. Let's start defining lookup between Sales and Sales Person tables through the common column Sales Person ID.

1. Open Sales table and click Edit Design button.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
2. Navigate to the  Lookup  section.
3. In the  Lookups  section, select the required column from the  Sales Person  drop-down menu under the  Column from current table  section. Here, we choose the  Product   ID  column.
4. From the  Cardinality  drop-down menu, choose a  Cardinality  type. Here, we choose the  Many-to-One  cardinality type.
   
5. In the  Column to Lookup  section, choose the required column name to lookup from the  Choose Column  drop-down menu. Here, we choose the  Product  column  Sales Person  table.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
6. You can add any number of lookups using the  Add Lookup  link. Once done, click  Save & Close .
   

1. Open the  Sales Person  table.
2. Right-click the column header and select  Change to Lookup Column . In our case, we right-click on the  Product  column.
   
   
   
   
   
3. In the  Change to Lookup Column  dialog that opens, select the  Sales Person ID column  to look up.
   
   
   
   
   
   
4. You can add any number of lookups using the  Add Lookup  link. Once done, click  Save & Close .

Now, a relationship between Sales and Sales Person tables is established through the lookup column Sales Person ID . Here we call the Sales table as the child table to Sales Persons table, since the Sales table is looking up a column from Sales Person table which is termed as the parent.

Similarly, you can define any number of lookup relationships among the related tables in a workspace.

From Import Wizard

Zoho Analytics auto identifies similar columns and provides suggestions for lookup while importing. The following presentation explains how this works.

From Reports Editor

Zoho Analytics allows you to join tables from the report editor when you need to include data from another table. This following presentation explains how to include another table's data for reporting.

Creating Report Using Auto-Join

Once tables are related with each other using lookup columns, you can create the reports by selecting any of table with lookup relationship. Zoho Analytics will automatically join the data from these tables and generate the report, when you drag and drop columns from across tables.
Here's how the Sales by each Sales Person chart is created using Auto-Join feature :

1. Open ' Sales' table and select ' New Chart View' option on the toolbar.
2. Now, Auto-Join feature detects its lookup relationship with other tables and lists all the columns of Product and Sales tables in Column List panel in the Report Designer .
3. Drag and drop Sale Person Name column from Sales table into X-axis shelf and Sales column from Sales table into Y-axis shelf.
4. Select 'Click here to generate graph'.

The Auto-join feature will automatically join the data from both the  Sales  and  Sales Person  table using the Lookup column Product ID  and provide the report.

Also, columns from the related tables can be used to filter the report. Continuing the above example,  Product Name  column from  Product Details  table can be used to filter the chart data and display  Sales  made by the Sales Person for the selected Products as shown below.

Customizing the Join Type

By default Zoho Analytics will join tables using Left Join. Possible join types are:

• Left Join  - Report will be computed with  all  the rows from the child table (left) and only the  matching  rows from the parent table (right). Matching is done based on lookup columns defined between child & parent tables. This will be the default join type. In this case the Sales table is the child and Sales Person table is the parent.
• Right Join  - Report will be computed with  all  the rows from the parent table (right) and only the  matching  rows from the child table (left). Matching is done based on lookup columns defined between parent & child tables. Here the child will be Sales Person table and parent will be Sales table.

You can choose to change the join type. To do so,

1. Click  View Relationships  icon in the chart designer and select  In a List View .
2. In the  Table relationship used in this report  dialog that opens select the type of join and click  Apply .

Customizing Lookup Columns and Path Used in Auto-Joins

You can link multiple tables using various Lookup columns in your Workspace. When creating a report, Zoho Analytics will use the appropriate Lookup columns (Lookup path) created between them and generate the report using the auto join capability. 

However, in some cases this might not suit your specific need. To address this, Zoho Analytics allows you to choose the Lookup path between tables to be used for report creation using the Configure Lookup Path option. 

Let's take an example of a Bug tracking Workspace  model. Here the  Bugs and the  Users table are directly joined using two lookup columns i.e., Assignee ID and  Reporter ID .  The  Bugs table also has a lookup to the  Projects table using the  Projects ID . The  Projects and the  Users table are joined using the lookup between  Owner ID  and User ID . This creates an indirect connection between the  Bugs and the  Users table through the  Projects table. 

Customizing Lookup Column for Join

In the above-given model, let's see an example of creating the report Bugs Identified by User . By default, when you plot a report for Bugs identified by each user, Zoho Analytics could use the  Assignee ID lookup to  Users table which is not correct as it will provide Bugs assigned to each user. 

In this case, you can change this by selecting the Reporter ID as the Lookup Column to be used. The following illustration shows how to change the Lookup Column to join.

Now the Bugs identified by Users report, shown below, is generated. 

Selecting Multiple Lookup Columns for Join

You can also select multiple lookup columns between each pair of tables in a path. This allows you to create report over data that meet multiple conditions.  Let's say you want to create reports on bugs where both the assignee and the reporter are same users. You can do this by selecting both the Assignee ID and the Reporter ID as lookup columns. The following illustration shows how to select both lookup column for joining.

Customizing Lookup Path for Join

Zoho Analytics also allows you to change the lookup path that joins the tables. 

Let's say, you need a report on Bugs raised on Projects categorized by owners. Since the Bugs and the Users are directly joined tables, Zoho Analytics will generate the report as Bugs assigned for Users categorized by Projects.  It will ignore the Projects table in-between to generate the reports. 

To achieve your requirement, you can join the  Bugs and the  Users tables through the  Projects table.  The following illustration shows how to change the Lookup Path to join tables.

Now, the Bugs table is linked to the  Users table through the  Projects table and retrieves the data for Bugs raised across projects categorized by the project owners (User). 

Joining with Query Tables

Query Table is a feature that enables you to  prepare data  for easy reporting and analysis. You can combine data from one or more tables in a Workspace and create specific data views using the standard  SQL SELECT  queries. These data views are similar to tables and you can perform operations such as report creation, sharing, and even create another Query Table over an existing Query Table.

You can create Query Tables for filtering datasets, batching datasets together (union), transforming data, applying SQL query functions, joining data and more.

For example, a query to combine the Sales and  Sales Person tables and to retrieve Sales made by each Sales Person data can be created as shown below.

The example query above joins the Sales & Sales Person tables. Once you create query table joining the necessary tables, then Zoho Analytics allows you to create any type of reports for analysis and visualization over the same.

Click to learn more.