This guide will help you with the following:

Overview

The values in a collection can be of any basic data type. Or, the values themselves could be collections.

The following two types are the broad classification of collection.

The index-value collection holds the data in an ordered manner, i.e., it retains the order in which the values are inserted. The order is marked by a value positioning entity, index.

The indexes are numbers that identify values in a collection. The index of the first value in a collection is always 0 and the subsequent values are 1, 2, 3, and so forth. Note that for a collection that has "n" number of elements, the indexes range from 0 to (n-1).

Example:

The following collection has 3 values. Therefore, the index starts from 0 and extends up to 2.

The index of Shawn, Alan, and Kate are 0, 1, and 2 respectively.

The key-value collection does not hold values in an ordered manner. Instead, the values are identified by their associated keys. The keys must be unique. If a new value is inserted with an existing key, it will overwrite the existing value.

Example

The following collection contains three values, each identified by its respective key.

The values - Shawn, Male, and Zoho are identified by the keys - Name, Gender, and Company respectively. Here, the values are arranged in no particular order, but each value is associated with its respective key.

The following is the syntax to create an empty collection.

1.  <collection_variable>=Collection();
   

 

The following is the syntax to create a collection and initialize it with values.

1. <collection_variable>=Collection(<values>);
   

 

Example 1: Create an index-value collection

The following example creates an index-value collection with the values - Mobile phone and Laptop.

1. gadgets = Collection("Mobile phone","Laptop");

 

Here, the values - Mobile phone and Laptop are identified by the indexes - 0 and 1 respectively.

Example 2: Create a key-value collection

The following example creates a key-value collection with the key-value pairs - "Name":"Shawn" and "Gender":"Male".

1. details = Collection("Name":"Shawn","Gender":"Male");

 

Here, the values - Shawn and Male are identified by the keys - Name and Gender respectively.

The built-in function - insert can be used to add one or more values into an existing collection. The following is the syntax to insert new values into a collection.

1. <collection_variable>.insert(<new_value>);

 

Example 1: Insert values into an index-value collection

The following example inserts the values - "Hard disk" and "Camera" into the collection - gadgets.

1. gadgets.insert("Hard disk" , "Camera");

 

Example 2: Insert values into a key-value collection

The following example inserts the key-value pair - "Company":"Zoho" into the collection - details.

1. details.insert("Company":"Zoho");

 

The built-in function - get can be used to fetch the required value from a collection. The following is the syntax to get the required value from a collection.

1. <value> = <collection_variable>.get(<index/key>);

 

Example 1: Fetch values from a index-value collection

The following example fetches the first value from the collection - gadgets.

1. value = gadgets.get(0);

 

Example 2: Fetch values from a key-value collection

The following example fetches the value associated with the key - "Name" from the collection - details.

1. value = details.get("Name");

 

Iterate through a collection

The following example uses the for each task to find the sum of all the values in a collection of numbers.

1. // initializes the variable - sum with the value - 0  
   
2. sum = 0;    
   
3. // Creates an index-value collection initialized with NUMBER values  
   
4. collection_variable = Collection(1,2,3);    
   
5. // Iterates through the collection created  
   
6. for each value in collection_variable  
   
7. {  
   
8. // Performs addition operation  
   
9. sum = sum + value;  
   
10. }    
    
11. info sum; // Displays the sum value, 6 

where, 

When a variable is declared as a LIST data type or a MAP data type, it can only hold values that are applicable to that particular data type. For example, a list variable can only hold elements, and a map variable can only hold key-value pairs.

However, both list and map data types are fundamentally a collection of values, in the sense that, a list data type holds a collection of elements, and a map data type holds a collection of key-value pairs. Consequently, there are built-in functions that are common to both the data types, but are maintained as two different sets of functions. For example, the put() map function is used to insert a key-value pair in a map variable, and the add() list function is used to insert an element in a list variable.

To make things easier, we have come up with the "collection" data type, where one can simply declare a collection variable, and use it to store either elements or key-value pairs. Note that each collection variable at a time can act only as a list variable containing elements, or as a map variable containing key-value pairs. It cannot contain elements and key-value pairs together in a single collection. We also have a set of built-in functions relevant to the collection data type, which can be applied to the collection variable irrespective of it holding list values or map values. For example, the insert() collection function can be used to insert a key-value pair or an element, depending on the collection variable holding key-value pairs or elements.