How to manage answer and customize content of mail

How to manage answer and customize content of mail

I would like adapt workflows from  answer received from recipients 
-Answers from recipients themselves,
-Request to unsubscribe (via form)
- Automatic answers (from the servers: new contacts, absences ..)
-Action of the recipients; click, open

And how to customization content of the mails following actions :
Create segments or insert "variables" to adapt the content?

Thoses to adapt contacts are at different stages of maturity; (Tunnel) prospect cold, Awareness, interested ....
Another question ; Is it possible to trigger a new workflow following the result of a previous workflow?
How to personalize the contents of the mail following the events that are the ones rested with our mails