Kaizen #189: Manipulating Multi-Module Lookup (MML) Field using Zoho CRM APIs

Hello everyone!

Welcome back to another week of Kaizen.

In this post, we explore the Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field in the Appointments module of Zoho CRM. You learn what an MML field is, how it works, and how to use it with Zoho CRM APIs.

Table of Contents:

• What is a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) Field in Zoho CRM?
• Use Cases for MML
  
• How  the "Appointment For" (MML) field in the "Appointments" module works?
• Creating a Record in the Appointments Module Using the Insert Records API
• Retrieving a Record from the Appointments Module Using the Get Records API
• Multi-module Lookup Using the COQL API
• Multi-module Lookup Using the Bulk Read API
• Frequently Asked Questions
  

What is a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) Field in Zoho CRM?

A Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field in Zoho CRM allows you to create a one-to-one relationship between a record in one module and a record from one of multiple other modules. Unlike a normal lookup field, which references a single module, an MML field can dynamically reference records from multiple modules. 

Without the MML field, users must create multiple lookup fields for each module, which complicates the CRM layout and user experience.

Note:

• The multi-module lookup (multi_module_lookup) data type was introduced in Zoho CRM API version 3.
• Currently, the MML field is available as a system-defined field named Appointment For in the Appointments module. 
• The Appointment For field supports lookups to both Contacts and custom modules.
• You cannot create a custom MML field in Zoho CRM.

Data Model Representation

MML's Data Model Representation

Use Cases for MML

Zylker Healthcare is a multi-specialty hospital that uses Zoho CRM to maintain its appointment scheduling process. 

In this setup, Zylker maintains two key modules:

• Contacts module - Stores records of physicians and surgeons, including attending physicians, specialists, and surgeons who diagnose and refer patients.
• Patients module - A custom module used to maintain records of all patients.

To improve the appointment booking process, Zylker uses the "Appointment For" Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field in the Appointments module. This field lets Zylker manage an appointment with either a Physician/Surgeon or a Patient, eliminating the need for multiple lookup fields.

How  the "Appointment For" (MML) field in the "Appointments" module works?

• When creating an appointment, the user selects the "Appointment For" field.
• The field displays records based on the selected module, either the Contacts or  Patients. 
• The user selects the appropriate record (Contact or Patients) for the appointment.
• A related list is automatically created in the selected module (Contact or Patients) as the Open Activities / Closed Activities to display all appointments associated with that record.
  

Creating a Record in the Appointments module using the Insert Records API

Before creating a record in the Appointments module via the Insert Records API, make sure you know the API names of the system-defined mandatory fields. These fields are required to create an appointment successfully.

System-defined Mandatory Fields:

• Appointment_For (MML field)
• Service_Name
• Appointment_Start_Time
• Appointment_Name
• Member
• Location

The below image shows how these system-defined mandatory fields appear in the Appointments module UI:

System-defined mandatory keys in the Appointments Module in UI view.

API calls you have to make before creating a record:

Before inserting a record into the Appointments module, it is important to know the API names of the fields and their parent modules. 

i. Use the GET - Module Metadata API to know the API name of the module. In our case, the Appointments module.

Request URL : {api-domain}/crm/v8/settings/modules

Request Method : GET

Sample Response :

 

In the API response, search for the module with "module_name": "Appointments" and check the value of the "api_name" key to get the API name of the module. This is the name you will use in all related API calls.

ii. Use the GET - Fields Metadata API and get fields metadata for the Appointments module. Here, you can find the API names of the mandatory fields along with other fields present in the Appointments module. 

Below is the API call & response for the multi-module lookup field along with other mandatory fields.

Request URL : {api-domain}/crm/v8/settings/fields?module=Appointments__s

Request Method : GET

Sample Response :

Note: The above image highlights only the key properties of the Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field from the field metadata response. The complete API response contains additional properties not shown here.

In the response:

• The multi-module lookup field is identified by the key "data_type" with the value "multi_module_lookup".
• The associated modules supported by the MML field (e.g., Contacts, Patients) are listed under the "modules" key.
• Other mandatory fields like Service Name, Appointment Name, and Appointment Start Time can be identified by "system_mandatory": true.
  

The keys of the above multi_module_lookup JSON object are explained below:

"multi_module_lookup": {     "display_label": "Appointments", // Display label of the module where the MML field is used     "api_name": "Appointments__s", // API name of the Appointments module     "modules": [ //List of modules associated with the Appointments module.          {             "api_name": "Contacts", //API name of the associated module              "module_name": "Contacts", // Display Name of the module              "id": "5725767000000002179" //Unique ID of the module         },         {             "api_name": "Patients", //API name of the associated custom module             "module_name": "Patients", //Display label of the module             "id": "5725767000006473007" //Unique module ID         }     } ] },

Note: 

• You cannot add or remove modules from the Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field using APIs. These actions are only available through the Zoho CRM UI.
• Once a module is disassociated from the MML field, existing records associated with that module will remain in the Appointments module, and you will no longer be able to associate newly created records from the disassociated module using the MML field. 
  

The remaining system-defined mandatory fields, along with their API names, are listed below.

System-defined Mandatory Field Names	System-defined Mandatory Field API Names
Service Name	Service_Name
Appointment Start Time	Appointment_Start_Time
Appointment Name	Appointment_Name
Member	Owner
Location	Location

Note: The system-defined mandatory fields can be identified by "system_mandatory": true.

Search the system-defined mandatory field names and get their API names.

With the field API names, use the following request and sample input body to create a record in the Appointments module using the Insert Records API.

Request URL : {{api-domain}}/crm/v8/Appointments__s

Request Method : POST

Request Body :

{     "data": [         {             "Appointment_Name": "General Consultation",             "Owner": {                 "name": "Patricia Boyle",                 "id": "5725767000000411001",                 "email": "patricia@zohotest.com"             },             "Appointment_Start_Time": "2025-04-15T13:00:00-07:00",             "Appointment_End_Time": "2025-04-15T13:30:00-07:00",             "Appointment_For": {                 "module": {                     "api_name": "Contacts",                     "id": "5725767000000002179"                 },                 "name": "John Doe",                 "id": "5725767000005607020"             },             "Service_Name": {                 "name": "General Check-up",                 "id": "5725767000006387029"             },             "Location": "Business Address"         }     ] }

Sample Response:

{     "data": [         {             "code": "SUCCESS",             "details": {                 "Modified_Time": "2025-05-06T20:33:42-07:00",                 "Modified_By": {                     "name": "Patricia Boyle",                     "id": "5725767000000411001"                 },                 "Created_Time": "2025-05-06T20:33:42-07:00",                 "id": "5725767000006390001", //Unique ID if the newly created record. Please note that this record ID will be used in the following API get and update operations.                 "Created_By": {                     "name": "Patricia Boyle",                     "id": "5725767000000411001"                 }             },             "message": "record added",             "status": "success"         }     ] }

Note:

Only Contacts and custom modules are supported in the Multi-Module Lookup field. If you try to associate a new record with a module that has been removed from the MML field or an unsupported module in the MML field, the following error will be thrown. 

Retrieving a Record from the Appointments Module Using the Get Records API

Request URL : {{api-domain}}/crm/v8/Appointments__s/5725767000006390001

Request Method: GET

Request Response:

{     "data": [         {             "Owner": {                 "name": "Patricia Boyle",                 "id": "5725767000000411001",                 "email": "patricia@zoho.com"             },             "$currency_symbol": "$",             "Address": null,             "Appointment_Start_Time": "2025-04-15T13:00:00-07:00",             "Cancellation_Reason": null,             "$field_states": null,             "Appointment_For": {                 "module": {                     "api_name": "Contacts",                     "id": "5725767000000002179"                 },                 "name": "John Doe",                 "id": "5725767000005607020"             },             "Rescheduled_To": null,             "$sharing_permission": "full_access",             "Reschedule_Reason": null,             "Additional_Information": null,             "Last_Activity_Time": null,             "Cancelled_Time": null,             "Cancellation_Note": null,             "Modified_By": {                 "name": "Patricia Boyle",                 "id": "5725767000000411001",                 "email": "patricia@zoho.com"             },             "Reschedule_Count": 0,             "Rescheduled_By": null,             "id": "5725767000006390001",             "Rescheduled_Time": null,             "Remind_At": null,             "Appointment_End_Time": "2025-04-15T13:30:00-07:00",             "Status": "Overdue",             "Modified_Time": "2025-05-06T20:04:38-07:00",             "Service_Name": {                 "name": "General Check-up",                 "id": "5725767000006387029"             },             "Created_Time": "2025-05-06T20:04:38-07:00",             "testing": null,             "Rescheduled_From": null,             "Cancelled_By": null,             "$editable": true,             "Appointment_Name": "General Consultation",             "Duration": 30,             "Record_Status__s": "Available",             "Created_By": {                 "name": "Patricia Boyle",                 "id": "5725767000000411001",                 "email": "patricia@zoho.com"             },             "Tag": [],             "Location": "Business Address",             "Reschedule_Note": null         }     ] }

Updating MML Field Value Using the Update Records API

Request URL : {{api-domain}}/crm/v8/Appointments__s/5725767000006390001

Request Method: PUT

Request Body:

{     "data": [         {             "Appointment_Start_Time": "2025-04-16T14:00:00-07:00", //Updating the Appointment_Start_Time             "Appointment_End_Time": "2025-04-16T14:30:00-07:00", //Updating the Appointment_End_Time             "Appointment_For": {                 "module": {                     "api_name": "Employees", //Updating a different module                     "id": "5725767000002161028"                 },                 "name": "Patrica", //A record from the Employees module                 "id": "5725767000006272001" //unique ID of the record             }         }     ] }

Multi-module Lookup Using the COQL API

Querying Inner Fields of Linked Modules within the MML Field

With the COQL API, you can query inner fields of linked modules within a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field. This provides deeper insights into related fields data in a module. This query support is available from Zoho CRM API Version 7.

Sample Query:

{  "select_query": "select 'Appointment_For->Contacts.Lead_Source' from Appointments__s where id is not null" }

The above query retrieves the Lead Source field from the Contacts module within the Appointment_For MML field. 

Sample Response:

Querying Multi-Module Lookup Module Name

Querying the module name associated with each record in a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field. This query support is available from Zoho CRM API Version 7.

Sample Query:

{ "select_query": "select Appointment_For.module.api_name, Appointment_For from Appointments__s where id is not null" }

The Appointment_For.module.api_name returns the module name (e.g., Contacts or Accounts) for each record linked in the Appointment_For MML field.

Sample Response:

Multi-module Lookup Using the Bulk Read API

Bulk Read API allows you to fetch a large set of data i.e., you can fetch a maximum of 2,00,000 records in a single API call. 

Specify the API name of the Appointments module in the module JSON object when making API calls. Refer to the following section for an example.

Request URL : https://www.zohoapis.com/crm/bulk/v8/read

Request Method : POST

Request Body :

{     "callback": {         "url": "https://webhook.site/7b58ff0b-b61b-4fbf-953f-1bf8b180a3c4",         "method": "post"     },     "query": {         "module": {             "api_name": "Appointments__s" //API name of the Appointments module         },         "file_type": "csv"     } }

Note: The Appointment_For field cannot be used in the criteria.

As the API is an asynchronous API, the response will not be available instantly; the bulk read job is scheduled, and the status can be checked. Once the job is completed, you will be notified in the callback URL. The records are available in a downloadable CSV file or ICS file (for events). See the Bulk Read API document to know how to view the status of the scheduled job and download the file, along with more sample requests and responses.

Sample Exported Response 

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which modules are currently supported in the MML field?

Only Contacts and custom modules can be associated with an MML field.

2. What error is thrown if I try to associate a record with a removed or unsupported module in the MML field?

If you try to associate a record with a removed or unsupported module in an MML field, the system will throw an "INVALID_DATA" error.

3. Is the MML field available for all modules?

No, as of Zoho CRM API Version 8, the MML field is available only as a system-defined field in the Appointments module.

4. How do I get the list of modules associated with an MML field?

You can use the GET - Fields Metadata API for the Appointments module and look for the field with "data_type" : "multi_module_lookup" and check its "modules" JSON array.

5. Can I add or remove modules from a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field via API?

Adding or removing modules in an MML field is not supported via API. These actions can only be done through the Zoho CRM UI.

6. What happens if I remove a module from an MML field?

If a module is removed from the MML through Zoho CRM UI, it can no longer be associated with new records, but existing records linked to that module will remain unaffected.

7. Is MML field supported in the Bulk Write API?

As of Zoho CRM API Version 8, the MML field is available only in the Appointments module as a system-defined field. The Appointments module is not supported in the Bulk Write API.

8. Is MML field supported in the Search API?

The MML field is not currently supported in the Search API.

We trust that this post meets your needs and is helpful. Let us know your thoughts in the comment section or reach out to us at support@zohocrm.com

Stay tuned for more insights in our upcoming Kaizen posts!

Cheers!!!

Previous Kaizen: Kaizen #188 - Building a Timer and Worklog Widget (Part 2)

Related Readings:

• Kaizen #124 - Manipulating Subform using Zoho CRM APIs
  
• Kaizen #125 Manipulating Multi-Select Lookup fields (MxN) using Zoho CRM APIs
  

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