Kaizen #189: Manipulating Multi-Module Lookup (MML) Field using Zoho CRM APIs

Kaizen #189: Manipulating Multi-Module Lookup (MML) Field using Zoho CRM APIs

Hello everyone!

Welcome back to another week of Kaizen.
In this post, we explore the Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field in the Appointments module of Zoho CRM. You learn what an MML field is, how it works, and how to use it with Zoho CRM APIs.



Table of Contents:

  • What is a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) Field in Zoho CRM?
  • Use Cases for MML
  • How  the "Appointment For" (MML) field in the "Appointments" module works?
  • Creating a Record in the Appointments Module Using the Insert Records API
  • Retrieving a Record from the Appointments Module Using the Get Records API
  • Multi-module Lookup Using the COQL API
  • Multi-module Lookup Using the Bulk Read API
  • Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) Field in Zoho CRM?

A Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field in Zoho CRM allows you to create a one-to-one relationship between a record in one module and a record from one of multiple other modules. Unlike a normal lookup field, which references a single module, an MML field can dynamically reference records from multiple modules. 
Without the MML field, users must create multiple lookup fields for each module, which complicates the CRM layout and user experience.

Note:
  • The multi-module lookup (multi_module_lookup) data type was introduced in Zoho CRM API version 3.
  • Currently, the MML field is available as a system-defined field named Appointment For in the Appointments module. 
  • The Appointment For field supports lookups to both Contacts and custom modules.
  • You cannot create a custom MML field in Zoho CRM.


Data Model Representation

MML's Data Model Representation

Use Cases for MML


Zylker Healthcare is a multi-specialty hospital that uses Zoho CRM to maintain its appointment scheduling process. 

In this setup, Zylker maintains two key modules:
  • Contacts module - Stores records of physicians and surgeons, including attending physicians, specialists, and surgeons who diagnose and refer patients.
  • Patients module - A custom module used to maintain records of all patients.

To improve the appointment booking process, Zylker uses the "Appointment For" Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field in the Appointments module. This field lets Zylker manage an appointment with either a Physician/Surgeon or a Patient, eliminating the need for multiple lookup fields.

How  the "Appointment For" (MML) field in the "Appointments" module works?

  • When creating an appointment, the user selects the "Appointment For" field.
  • The field displays records based on the selected module, either the Contacts or  Patients
  • The user selects the appropriate record (Contact or Patients) for the appointment.
  • A related list is automatically created in the selected module (Contact or Patients) as the Open Activities / Closed Activities to display all appointments associated with that record.

Creating a Record in the Appointments module using the Insert Records API

Before creating a record in the Appointments module via the Insert Records API, make sure you know the API names of the system-defined mandatory fields. These fields are required to create an appointment successfully.

System-defined Mandatory Fields:
  • Appointment_For (MML field)
  • Service_Name
  • Appointment_Start_Time
  • Appointment_Name
  • Member
  • Location

The below image shows how these system-defined mandatory fields appear in the Appointments module UI:

System-defined mandatory keys in the Appointments Module in UI view.

API calls you have to make before creating a record:

Before inserting a record into the Appointments module, it is important to know the API names of the fields and their parent modules. 

i. Use the GET - Module Metadata API to know the API name of the module. In our case, the Appointments module.

Request URL : {api-domain}/crm/v8/settings/modules
Request Method : GET

Sample Response :

 
In the API response, search for the module with "module_name": "Appointments" and check the value of the "api_name" key to get the API name of the module. This is the name you will use in all related API calls.

ii. Use the GET - Fields Metadata API and get fields metadata for the Appointments module. Here, you can find the API names of the mandatory fields along with other fields present in the Appointments module. 

Below is the API call & response for the multi-module lookup field along with other mandatory fields.

Request URL : {api-domain}/crm/v8/settings/fields?module=Appointments__s
Request Method : GET

Sample Response :


Note: The above image highlights only the key properties of the Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field from the field metadata response. The complete API response contains additional properties not shown here.

In the response:
  • The multi-module lookup field is identified by the key "data_type" with the value "multi_module_lookup".
  • The associated modules supported by the MML field (e.g., Contacts, Patients) are listed under the "modules" key.
  • Other mandatory fields like Service Name, Appointment Name, and Appointment Start Time can be identified by "system_mandatory": true.
The keys of the above multi_module_lookup JSON object are explained below:


"multi_module_lookup": {
    "display_label": "Appointments", // Display label of the module where the MML field is used
    "api_name": "Appointments__s", // API name of the Appointments module
    "modules": [ //List of modules associated with the Appointments module. 
        {
            "api_name": "Contacts", //API name of the associated module 
            "module_name": "Contacts", // Display Name of the module 
            "id": "5725767000000002179" //Unique ID of the module
        },
        {
            "api_name": "Patients", //API name of the associated custom module
            "module_name": "Patients", //Display label of the module
            "id": "5725767000006473007" //Unique module ID
        }
    }
]
},

Note: 
  • You cannot add or remove modules from the Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field using APIs. These actions are only available through the Zoho CRM UI.
  • Once a module is disassociated from the MML field, existing records associated with that module will remain in the Appointments module, and you will no longer be able to associate newly created records from the disassociated module using the MML field. 
The remaining system-defined mandatory fields, along with their API names, are listed below.

 

 System-defined Mandatory Field Names

 

 

System-defined Mandatory Field API Names

Service Name

Service_Name

Appointment Start Time

Appointment_Start_Time

Appointment Name

Appointment_Name

Member

Owner

Location

Location


Note: The system-defined mandatory fields can be identified by "system_mandatory": true.

Search the system-defined mandatory field names and get their API names.
With the field API names, use the following request and sample input body to create a record in the Appointments module using the Insert Records API.

Request URL : {{api-domain}}/crm/v8/Appointments__s
Request Method : POST

Request Body :

{
    "data": [
        {
            "Appointment_Name": "General Consultation",
            "Owner": {
                "name": "Patricia Boyle",
                "id": "5725767000000411001",
                "email": "patricia@zohotest.com"
            },
            "Appointment_Start_Time": "2025-04-15T13:00:00-07:00",
            "Appointment_End_Time": "2025-04-15T13:30:00-07:00",
            "Appointment_For": {
                "module": {
                    "api_name": "Contacts",
                    "id": "5725767000000002179"
                },
                "name": "John Doe",
                "id": "5725767000005607020"
            },
            "Service_Name": {
                "name": "General Check-up",
                "id": "5725767000006387029"
            },
            "Location": "Business Address"
        }
    ]
}


Sample Response:


{
    "data": [
        {
            "code": "SUCCESS",
            "details": {
                "Modified_Time": "2025-05-06T20:33:42-07:00",
                "Modified_By": {
                    "name": "Patricia Boyle",
                    "id": "5725767000000411001"
                },
                "Created_Time": "2025-05-06T20:33:42-07:00",
                "id": "5725767000006390001", //Unique ID if the newly created record. Please note that this record ID will be used in the following API get and update operations.
                "Created_By": {
                    "name": "Patricia Boyle",
                    "id": "5725767000000411001"
                }
            },
            "message": "record added",
            "status": "success"
        }
    ]
}



Note:
Only Contacts and custom modules are supported in the Multi-Module Lookup field. If you try to associate a new record with a module that has been removed from the MML field or an unsupported module in the MML field, the following error will be thrown. 


Retrieving a Record from the Appointments Module Using the Get Records API

Request URL : {{api-domain}}/crm/v8/Appointments__s/5725767000006390001
Request Method: GET

Request Response:

{
    "data": [
        {
            "Owner": {
                "name": "Patricia Boyle",
                "id": "5725767000000411001",
                "email": "patricia@zoho.com"
            },
            "$currency_symbol": "$",
            "Address": null,
            "Appointment_Start_Time": "2025-04-15T13:00:00-07:00",
            "Cancellation_Reason": null,
            "$field_states": null,
            "Appointment_For": {
                "module": {
                    "api_name": "Contacts",
                    "id": "5725767000000002179"
                },
                "name": "John Doe",
                "id": "5725767000005607020"
            },
            "Rescheduled_To": null,
            "$sharing_permission": "full_access",
            "Reschedule_Reason": null,
            "Additional_Information": null,
            "Last_Activity_Time": null,
            "Cancelled_Time": null,
            "Cancellation_Note": null,
            "Modified_By": {
                "name": "Patricia Boyle",
                "id": "5725767000000411001",
                "email": "patricia@zoho.com"
            },
            "Reschedule_Count": 0,
            "Rescheduled_By": null,
            "id": "5725767000006390001",
            "Rescheduled_Time": null,
            "Remind_At": null,
            "Appointment_End_Time": "2025-04-15T13:30:00-07:00",
            "Status": "Overdue",
            "Modified_Time": "2025-05-06T20:04:38-07:00",
            "Service_Name": {
                "name": "General Check-up",
                "id": "5725767000006387029"
            },
            "Created_Time": "2025-05-06T20:04:38-07:00",
            "testing": null,
            "Rescheduled_From": null,
            "Cancelled_By": null,
            "$editable": true,
            "Appointment_Name": "General Consultation",
            "Duration": 30,
            "Record_Status__s": "Available",
            "Created_By": {
                "name": "Patricia Boyle",
                "id": "5725767000000411001",
                "email": "patricia@zoho.com"
            },
            "Tag": [],
            "Location": "Business Address",
            "Reschedule_Note": null
        }
    ]
}


Updating MML Field Value Using the Update Records API

Request URL : {{api-domain}}/crm/v8/Appointments__s/5725767000006390001
Request Method: PUT

Request Body:

{
    "data": [
        {
            "Appointment_Start_Time": "2025-04-16T14:00:00-07:00", //Updating the Appointment_Start_Time
            "Appointment_End_Time": "2025-04-16T14:30:00-07:00", //Updating the Appointment_End_Time
            "Appointment_For": {
                "module": {
                    "api_name": "Employees", //Updating a different module
                    "id": "5725767000002161028"
                },
                "name": "Patrica", //A record from the Employees module
                "id": "5725767000006272001" //unique ID of the record
            }
        }
    ]
}


Multi-module Lookup Using the COQL API

Querying Inner Fields of Linked Modules within the MML Field

With the COQL API, you can query inner fields of linked modules within a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field. This provides deeper insights into related fields data in a module. This query support is available from Zoho CRM API Version 7.

Sample Query:


{
 "select_query": "select 'Appointment_For->Contacts.Lead_Source' from Appointments__s where id is not null"
}

The above query retrieves the Lead Source field from the Contacts module within the Appointment_For MML field. 


Sample Response:



Querying Multi-Module Lookup Module Name

Querying the module name associated with each record in a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field. This query support is available from Zoho CRM API Version 7.

Sample Query:

{
"select_query": "select Appointment_For.module.api_name, Appointment_For from Appointments__s where id is not null"
}


The Appointment_For.module.api_name returns the module name (e.g., Contacts or Accounts) for each record linked in the Appointment_For MML field.

Sample Response:


Multi-module Lookup Using the Bulk Read API

Bulk Read API allows you to fetch a large set of data i.e., you can fetch a maximum of 2,00,000 records in a single API call. 
Specify the API name of the Appointments module in the module JSON object when making API calls. Refer to the following section for an example.

Request Method : POST

Request Body :

{
    "callback": {
        "method": "post"
    },
    "query": {
        "module": {
            "api_name": "Appointments__s" //API name of the Appointments module
        },
        "file_type": "csv"
    }
}


Note: The Appointment_For field cannot be used in the criteria.

As the API is an asynchronous API, the response will not be available instantly; the bulk read job is scheduled, and the status can be checked. Once the job is completed, you will be notified in the callback URL. The records are available in a downloadable CSV file or ICS file (for events). See the Bulk Read API document to know how to view the status of the scheduled job and download the file, along with more sample requests and responses.

Sample Exported Response 



Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which modules are currently supported in the MML field?

Only Contacts and custom modules can be associated with an MML field.

2. What error is thrown if I try to associate a record with a removed or unsupported module in the MML field?

If you try to associate a record with a removed or unsupported module in an MML field, the system will throw an "INVALID_DATA" error.

3. Is the MML field available for all modules?

No, as of Zoho CRM API Version 8, the MML field is available only as a system-defined field in the Appointments module.

4. How do I get the list of modules associated with an MML field?

You can use the GET - Fields Metadata API for the Appointments module and look for the field with "data_type" : "multi_module_lookup" and check its "modules" JSON array.

5. Can I add or remove modules from a Multi-Module Lookup (MML) field via API?

Adding or removing modules in an MML field is not supported via API. These actions can only be done through the Zoho CRM UI.

6. What happens if I remove a module from an MML field?

If a module is removed from the MML through Zoho CRM UI, it can no longer be associated with new records, but existing records linked to that module will remain unaffected.

7. Is MML field supported in the Bulk Write API?

As of Zoho CRM API Version 8, the MML field is available only in the Appointments module as a system-defined field. The Appointments module is not supported in the Bulk Write API.

8. Is MML field supported in the Search API?

The MML field is not currently supported in the Search API.



We trust that this post meets your needs and is helpful. Let us know your thoughts in the comment section or reach out to us at support@zohocrm.com

Stay tuned for more insights in our upcoming Kaizen posts!

Cheers!!!


Related Readings:


    • Sticky Posts

    • Announcing the new SKILL.md for Zoho CRM and the updated OAS repository!

      We are introducing a new zoho-crm skill to make working with Zoho CRM Developer tools (like APIs, functions, widgets, client scripts, queries etc) easier and faster, with the help of AI in your preferred AI harness like Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, VSCode
    • Kaizen #256 - Build an Arrival Readiness Web Tab in Zoho CRM

      Hi everyone! Welcome back to the Kaizen series! In the post, we discuss a use case in hospitality industry: how an Arrival Readiness web tab widget can be used to let reception staff identify and resolve issues before arrival of guests. Use case In the
    • Kaizen #198: Using Client Script for Custom Validation in Blueprint

      Nearing 200th Kaizen Post – 1 More to the Big Two-Oh-Oh! Do you have any questions, suggestions, or topics you would like us to cover in future posts? Your insights and suggestions help us shape future content and make this series better for everyone.
    • Kaizen #226: Using ZRC in Client Script

      Hello everyone! Welcome to another week of Kaizen. In today's post, lets see what is ZRC (Zoho Request Client) and how we can use ZRC methods in Client Script to get inputs from a Salesperson and update the Lead status with a single button click. In this
    • Kaizen #222 - Client Script Support for Notes Related List

      Hello everyone! Welcome to another week of Kaizen. The final Kaizen post of the year 2025 is here! With the new Client Script support for the Notes Related List, you can validate, enrich, and manage notes across modules. In this post, we’ll explore how
    • Recent Topics

    • Dashboards for Customers

      Is it possible to build dashboards for each customers in the community for their tickets?
    • Custom color coding for your entities

      Our brains are fine tuned to recognize colors before any text or shapes, making color coding a powerful tool to organize data and find items quickly. Color coding of our day-to-day work help with quickly processing the information, reducing cognitive
    • The Social Wall: August 2026

      Hello everyone. Welcome to the August 2026 edition of The Social Wall. This month, we're bringing you updates that make it easier to reach your audience, manage more channels, and streamline your publishing workflow. Here’s what’s new. WhatsApp bulk messaging
    • Check out in Meetings

      Why there is no check out in Meetings of Zoho CRM, very difficult to track
    • How do I get to "Admin Panel"

      I just started a Cliq account. I am the sole administrator. As I read the documentation, I keep seeing reference to an "Admin Panel". I see no way to access this from my Cliq account. How do I access this panel?
    • 【初開催! オンライン】Zoho Campaigns メール配信の基礎・活用勉強会を開催します! 10/15 参加無料

      ユーザーの皆さま、こんにちは。 Zoho コミュニティグループの中野です。 Zoho ユーザーコミュニティ初となる、メールマーケティングをテーマにしたオンライン勉強会を開催します! ▶︎イベント詳細・参加登録はこちら 今回取り上げるサービスは「Zoho Campaigns」です。 「Zoho CRMとZoho Campaignsのどちらからメールを配信すればよいか分からない」 「一斉配信はできるようになったけれど、現在のリスト管理や設定が正しいか不安」 「メールを送るだけで終わり、配信後の改善につなげられていない」
    • Marketing Tip #46: Run flash sales the right way

      A flash sale can do a lot for your store. It can clear slow-moving inventory, spike revenue on a slow day, or reward your most loyal customers. But if done carelessly, flash sales can backfire. Customers start expecting discounts, stop buying at full
    • Introducing Smart Fields in Zoho Forms

      Hello form builders! We are excited to introduce Smart Fields in Zoho Forms - a faster way to add calculations to your forms without writing formulas. Instead of creating multiple fields and configuring complex calculations yourself, you can now drag
    • Checkbox not displaying correctly in subform

      Greetings: I have shared my app (wv) with support.  I am having problems with a checkbox field not displaying correctly in a subform.  The main form is called volunteers and the subform is called volunteers_subform.  The field in question is called roles. When you access the subform by itself the checkbox lookup displays as checkboxes.  But when you view it in the main volunteers form, it displays as a multi-select dropdown instead.   I have attached jpegs showing the difference.   Any thoughts?
    • Unbundle feature for composite items

      We receive composite items from our vendors and sell them either individually or create other composite items out of them. So, there is a lot of bundling and unbundling involved with our composite items. Previously, this feature was supported in form
    • Valid characters for use in email addresses using Zoho's apps/APIs

      We have found an issue with the + sign character in zoho subs - we are allowed to create a customer with an email address that has a plus sign but the API doesn't allow the + so the billing portal is not created. We are going to prevent users from using
    • Expand Zoho Analytics Spatial Capabitlities

      Dear Analytics team Thanks for the great product - I'm a big fan on Analytics and the monthly release highlights is one of my favourite emails to receive. I'd like to request expansion and improvement of Zoho Analytics spatial data capabilities, namely:
    • Automate customer follow-ups with Sequences in Bigin

      Greetings, We hope you're all doing well! We're happy to announce a new feature that we've added to Bigin. Following up with every lead at the right time can be challenging, especially when your team is managing multiple conversations across emails, calls,
    • Displaying only unread tickets in ticket view

      Hello, I was wondering if someone might be able to help me with this one. We use filters to display our ticket list, typically using a saved filter which displays the tickets which are overdue or due today. What I'd really like is another filter that
    • Can we have an automated TDS Receivable Recon with Form 26AS of Income Tax Portal ?

      Can we have an automated TDS Receivable Recon with Form 26AS of Income Tax Portal ?
    • Customers would like to add tips when paying in Client Portal

      I am happy with the clean interface of the Client Portal. However, I am running into a challenge: my customers would like to be able to add tips/gratuities when making payments. Currently, this is very clunky because they have to 1) manually over-pay,
    • Tag Limi?

      is there any way to create more than 20 tags? 
    • prefill_data for Creator + Merge & Sign

      Hello, Is there an option to use prefill_data for signer fields from creator? I see the option for CRM but it will not work with creator? I have tried passing the value in the signer data, and that also does not work. Alternatively, is there a way to
    • Can I Build a Gaming Website Using Zoho? Need a Quick Roadmap

      Hi Dear Members, I want to create a gaming website using Zoho. Is it possible? My goal is to build a sleek, unique, easy-to-navigate, and fast-loading website for a gaming project. I want the site to look professional, user-friendly, and optimized for
    • Remove Due Date from Statements

      Is it possible to remove the Due Date on the Invoice transation line on statements? I have figured work arounds to get the Invoice detail on the Statement but cannot work out haw to simplify the stament by removing the "- due on xx/xx/2026" - it really
    • What Should an Agent-Native Project Workspace Look Like

      AI is moving beyond assistants that simply answer questions. With tools like MCP, agents can now interact directly with project data and perform actions. That makes me wonder: what should an agent-native project workspace actually look like? For me, it
    • unable to join meeting due to speaker issue

      unable to join meeting due to speaker issue
    • How to add formatting in zoho.cliq.postToUser(...) message?

      In a CRM Deluge function, I'm trying to use the message formatting guidelines given here: https://www.zoho.com/deluge/help/cliq/posting-to-zoho-cliq.html#message-formats My message is: message: #Title text. The result in Cliq is: #Title text. (no large
    • Marketing Tip #50: Sell digital products and use them to grow your store

      Physical products need packaging, shipping, and stock management. Digital products need none of that. Once created, they can be sold an unlimited number of times, delivered instantly, and never go out of stock. What counts as a digital product? A digital
    • Can I import customer data from Zoho Invoice to Zoho CRM?

      I have been using zoho invoice for a couple of years and have built up my client list here. I am now giving Zoho CRM a shot and am hoping I can get a lot of my already established data (financial trading records) over to zoho crm?  Can anyone tell me if this is possible and how can I do it? 
    • Automating CRM backup storage?

      Hi there, We've recently set up automatic backups for our Zoho CRM account. We were hoping that the backup functionality would not require any manual work on our end, but it seems that we are always required to download the backups ourselves, store them,
    • Turn off Mobile Optimize

      Hello is it possible to stop the automatic mobile optimization of my site as it looks much better on a mobile in full site format rather than mobile format. Thanks
    • How to select from pricebook when creating a salesorder or quote

      I am creating a sales order and when selecting the Products I do not see any where to select from pricebooks. How do i associate this to my orders?
    • API - Available Stock Definitions

      Okay, Zoho team... your copywriters fell down on the job for this one :) I think these warrant a bit more explanation as to what they include and what they don't.
    • Cross-application Deluge calls fail when application link name starts with a number

      I encountered an issue when calling a custom function in another Zoho Creator application within the same account. The target application’s URL/application link name began with a number, similar to: 27_example_application The following cross-application
    • Transformez vos webinaires en opérations automatisées

      Organiser un webinaire, c’est bien plus que passer en direct. Il faut gérer les inscriptions, suivre les participants, envoyer les enregistrements, mettre à jour le CRM… et s’assurer que chaque étape se déroule au bon moment. L’automatisation des workflows
    • Cash Basis VAT RETURN REPORT Required in Saudi Arabia

      Zoho Books in Saudi Arabia not showing TAX RETURNS report on CASH Basis.. It only showing accrual basis. Oforur requirement is both reports (Cash Basis and Accrual Basis ) , same like indian Edition of Zoho Books showing. CASH BASIS RETURN is our Basic
    • Marketing Tip #1: Optimize item titles for SEO

      Your item title is the first thing both Google and shoppers notice. Instead of a generic “Leather Bag,” go for something detailed like “Handcrafted Leather Laptop Bag – Durable & Stylish.” This helps your items rank better in search results and instantly
    • How can I filter inactive/disable agent tickets?

      Hello, We have an user-agent that left the company and we inactive/disabled his agent. So, now I can no longer filter or search tickets that he is the current owner, or even create a rule to reassign tickets to another person when the ticket is reopen.
    • How do i move multiple tickets to a different department?

      Hello, i have several tickets that have been assigned to the wrong department.  I am talking about hundreds of automatically generated ones that come from a separate system. How can i select them all at once to move them to another department in one go? I can select them in "unsassigned open tickets view" but i can't find a "move to another department" option. I also can't seem to assign multiple tickets to the same agent in that same view. Could somebody advice?
    • Add Reauthentication Option for Zoho Bug Tracker Integration in Zoho Desk

      Hello Zoho Desk Team, We hope you're doing well. We would like to request an enhancement to the Zoho Bug Tracker integration within Zoho Desk. Current Limitation: At the moment, there is no option to reauthenticate the Zoho Bug Tracker integration in
    • Create Package From A Picklist

      Dear Zoho, Can it be made possible to create a package from a picklist? The reason our company makes a picklist is for that to become a package Our sales orders have 600-1000 items I hope that makes it clear that it's hard to delete 990 items when we
    • Migrating from Zoho Checkout to Zoho Billing

      I have an active Zoho Checkout account where I'm charging customers for subscriptions. Now I'm looking to upgrade and only use Zoho BIlling, in which my account in on read only mode at the moment. I can see is also tracking the customers and its payments.
    • Step up your lead generation game with online forms

      Hello fellow form builders,   Generating leads for your sales team gets easier when you integrate your CRM with online forms. To help show you how to use forms as part of your lead generation strategy, we have exclusive tips and tricks on how to collect, update and prioritize lead information in Zoho CRM based on form responses.  1. Create new leads If CRM software is designed to help you handle your business easily, that means getting data into it should also be easy. Check out the article on how
    • API - Bank Accounts | Reconciliation Discrepancy

      Unless I'm reading it wrong, the documentation for the Bank Reconciliations API is inconsistent with itself. https://www.zoho.com/books/api/v3/bank-accounts/#create-a-bank-reconciliation The text definition says that the transaction_id should be a string,
    • Next Page