Kaizen #81 - COQL API - Part II
Hello everyone!
Welcome to another week of Kaizen!
In continuation to last week's post on COQL API, we will discuss the rest of the field types and their supported operators with detailed examples in this post.
Supported field types and Operators
Please refer to the COQL API - Part I Kaizen post for the first three field types and their supported operators.
4) Boolean
The supported operator for Boolean field is =. You should provide the value as either true or false.
Sample Query
{ "select_query" : "select Product_Name, Product_Code from Products where Product_Active = 'false' limit 2" } |
This sample query selects the Product_Name and Product_Code fields from the Products module where Product_Active is false, and limits the result to only 2 records.
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "Product_Code": "SR-001", "Product_Name": "Sigma", "id": "4876876000001036109" }, { "Product_Code": "SR-003", "Product_Name": "Alpha", "id": "4876876000001039006" } ], "info": { "count": 2, "more_records": false } } |
what_Id support in COQL
=, !=, in, not in, is null, is not null are the supported operators. what_Id support is extended only to Tasks, Calls and Events. The what_Id field could be a lead or a contact.
Sample Query
{ "select_query": "select 'What_Id->Leads.Last_Name' from Tasks where (('What_Id->Leads.id' in ('4876876000000900134','4876678000000900987')) AND ('What_Id->Leads.Industry' != 'ERP'))" } |
This sample query queries for the last name of leads associated with tasks where the lead ID is either '4876876000000900134' or '4876678000000900987', and the lead's industry is not 'ERP'.
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "What_Id->Leads.Last_Name": "Perry", "id": "4876876000001103044" } ], "info": { "count": 1, "more_records": false } } |
Roles and Profiles support in COQL
COQL supports roles and profiles lookup fields, allowing users to retrieve the owner's profile details such as ID, name etc, and the owner's role details using COQL queries. The supported comparators are =, !=, in, not in, is null, is not null.
Sample Query
{ "select_query": "select Owner.role.id,Owner.role.name,Owner.role.reporting_to, Owner.role.share_data_with_peers, Owner.role.description, Owner.profile.id from Leads where Last_Name is not null LIMIT 1" } |
This query fetches the Profile details and Role details of the owner of one record from the Leads module.
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "Owner.role.reporting_to": null, "Owner.profile.id": "4876876000000026011", "Owner.role.name": "CEO", "Owner.role.description": "crm.security.role.admin.desc", "Owner.role.share_data_with_peers": true, "Owner.role.id": "4876876000000026005", "id": "4876876000000333403" } ], "info": { "count": 1, "more_records": true } } |
Alias support
Supported operators : =, !=, in, not in, is null, is not null
Alias support in COQL allows users to simplify complex SELECT field names by giving them custom names or aliases. Using aliases in the SELECT column and ORDER BY class can make column names easier to understand and remember. For instance, What_Id->Leads.Last_Name from our previous example can be given an alias in the SELECT query as follows.
Sample Query
{ "select_query": "select 'What_Id->Leads.Last_Name' AS 'Lead Name' from Tasks where (('What_Id->Leads.id' in ('4876876000000900134','4876678000000900987')) AND ('What_Id->Leads.Industry' != 'ERP'))" } |
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "id": "4876876000001103044", "Lead Name": "Perry" } ], "info": { "count": 1, "more_records": false } } |
If you compare this response with the sample response in the what_Id section above, you can see that the key 'What_Id->Leads.Last_Name' is replaced with the Alias 'Lead Name' in here.
Aggregate Function Support in COQL
Aggregate functions in COQL allow you to perform calculations on groups of records in a module. The available aggregate functions include SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG, and COUNT.
1. SUM
Use this function to sum up the values of an aggregate field in a module.
Sample Query 1
{ "select_query":"select SUM(Grand_Total) from Quotes WHERE Quote_Stage = 'Draft' " } |
This Query uses the SUM function to calculate the total value of the Grand_Total field for all quotes in the Draft stage in the Quotes module.
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "SUM(Grand_Total)": 1073660 } ], "info": { "count": 1, "more_records": false } } |
Sample Query 2
{ "select_query": "select SUM(Grand_Total), Account_Name.Account_Name AS 'Account Name', Billing_Country from Invoices where ((Status != 'Paid') and ((Billing_Country ='USA') OR (Billing_Country = 'Canada'))) GROUP BY Account_Name.Account_Name, Billing_Country ORDER BY 'Account Name' ASC" } |
This query retrieves the total SUM of the Grand_Total field, along with the Account_Name and Billing_Country from the Invoices module for those records whose Status field is not equal to 'Paid' and the Billing_Country field is either 'USA' or 'Canada'. The results are grouped by the Account_Name and Billing_Country fields and ordered in ascending order based on the 'Account Name' field.
Note that the 'Account Name' field is specified using the AS keyword to provide an alias for the Account_Name.Account_Name field. We have used the alias for the ORDER BY clause.
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "Account Name": "SR Systems", "Billing_Country": "USA", "SUM(Grand_Total)": 2430000 }, { "Account Name": "SR Systems", "Billing_Country": "Canada", "SUM(Grand_Total)": 60000 }, { "Account Name": "Zylker systems", "Billing_Country": "Canada", "SUM(Grand_Total)": 378000 } ], "info": { "count": 3, "more_records": false } } |
The response JSON contains the SUM of the Grand_Total fields, Account Name and Billing_Country for each unique combination of Account Name and Billing Country fields that satisfies the filter criteria specified in the query.
2. MAX
Use this aggregate function to find the largest value of a field in a module.
Sample Query
{ "select_query": "select MAX(Amount) AS 'Maximum Deal Amount', Account_Name.Account_Name from Deals where ((Stage = 'Closed Won') AND (Type = 'Existing Business')) Group by Account_Name.Account_Name" } |
This Query selects the maximum Deal Amount for each account from the Deals module where the stage is Closed Won and the type is Existing Business.
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "Maximum Deal Amount": 6750000, "Account_Name.Account_Name": "Benton" }, { "Maximum Deal Amount": null, "Account_Name.Account_Name": "King" }, { "Maximum Deal Amount": 945000, "Account_Name.Account_Name": "Morlong Associates" } ], "info": { "count": 3, "more_records": false } } |
3. MIN
Use this aggregate function to find the smallest value of a field in a module. For example, you can use this function to find the Lowest Annual Revenue in the Leads module.
Sample Query: 1:
{ "select_query": "select MIN(Annual_Revenue) from Leads where Annual_Revenue is not null" } |
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "MIN(Annual_Revenue)": 348.3 } ], "info": { "count": 1, "more_records": false } } |
4. AVG
Use this aggregate function to find the average value of a field in a module.
Sample Query
{ "select_query": "SELECT AVG(Amount) AS 'Average Deal Amount' FROM Deals WHERE Type = 'New Business'" } |
This query calculates the average deal amount for all new business deals in the "Deals" module.
Sample Response:
{ "data": [ { "Average Deal Amount": 877366.8359999999 } ], "info": { "count": 1, "more_records": false } } |
5. COUNT
Use this aggregate function to count the number of records in a module satisfying a certain criteria. You can use this aggregate function only for number, lookup, and picklist fields.
Sample Query:
{ "select_query": "SELECT COUNT(Product_Category) FROM Products WHERE Product_Active = 'false'" } |
This sample query queries for the total number of inactive products in the Product module. Please be aware that if there are any products with no value for the product category field, they will not be included in the count.
Important points to remember
- COQL keywords are not case-sensitive.
- To prevent ambiguity, the criteria listed in the WHERE clause must be properly enclosed in brackets. If WHERE has more than two criteria such as A, B, and C, use them as either of the following:
- (A and (B and C))
- ((A and B) and C)
- A and (B and C)
- (A and B) and C.
- COQL supports only SELECT queries with WHERE, FROM, ORDER BY, LIMIT, and OFFSET clauses and aggregate functions SUM(), MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), and COUNT().
- The default sort order is ascending based on record ID if ORDER BY is not specified.
- Use the following format for :
- Date : YYYY-MM-DD
- DateTime : YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+/-HH:mm
- The default value for LIMIT is 200 and OFFSET is 0.
- A maximum of 10,000 records can be fetched using the API.
- Multi-line fields cannot be used in criteria.
- COQL doesn't support consent_lookup, subform, profileimage, multiselectlookup, fileupload datatypes.
- A maximum of 25 criteria can be included in the WHERE clause.
- A maximum of 50 field API names can be used in the SELECT column of the query.
Data Type | Supported Operators |
text | =, !=, like, not like, in, not in, is null, is not null |
picklist | =, !=, like, not like, in, not in, is null, is not null |
ownerlookup | =, !=, in, not in, is null, is not null |
lookup | =, !=, in, not in, is null, is not null |
date | =, !=, >=, >, <=, <, between, not between, in, not in, is null, is not null |
datetime | =, !=, >=, >, <=, <, between, not between, in, not in, is null, is not null |
currency | =, !=, >=, >, <=, <, between, not between, in, not in, is null, is not null |
boolean | = |
email | =, !=, like, not like, in, not in, is null, is not null |
phone | =, !=, like, not like, in, not in, is null, is not null |
website | =, !=, like, not like, in, not in, is null, is not null |
double | =, !=, >=, >, <=, <, between, not between, in, not in, is null, is not null |
bigint | =, !=, >=, >, <=, <, between, not between, in, not in, is null, is not null |
integer | =, !=, >=, >, <=, <, between, not between, in, not in, is null, is not null |
formula | If the return type is: Decimal/Currency/Date/Datetime : =, !=, >=, >, <=, <, between, not between, in, not in, is null, is not null String : =, !=, like, not like, in, not in, is null, is not null Boolean : = |
autonumber | =, !=, like, not like, in, not in, is null, is not null |
We hope you found this post useful. We will meet you next week with another interesting topic.
If you have any questions or feedback, please let us know in the comments below, or write to us at support@zohocrm.com. We would love to hear from you!
Additional Reading:
Access your files securely from anywhere
New to Zoho Recruit?
Zoho Developer Community
New to Zoho LandingPage?
Zoho LandingPage Resources
New to Zoho Survey?
New to Zoho CRM Plus?
Deliver unforgettable customer experiences
New to Zoho CRM Plus?
Deliver unforgettable customer experiences
New to Zoho Marketing Plus?
Everything you need to run your marketing
New to Zoho Marketing Plus?
Everything you need to run your marketing
New to Bigin?
Topic Participants
Anu Abraham
Arose Unity
Haiku Technical Support
Subramanian K
Sticky Posts
Kaizen #217 - Actions APIs : Tasks
Welcome to another week of Kaizen! In last week's post we discussed Email Notifications APIs which act as the link between your Workflow automations and you. We have discussed how Zylker Cloud Services uses Email Notifications API in their custom dashboard.Kaizen #216 - Actions APIs : Email Notifications
Welcome to another week of Kaizen! For the last three weeks, we have been discussing Zylker's workflows. We successfully updated a dormant workflow, built a new one from the ground up and more. But our work is not finished—these automated processes areKaizen #152 - Client Script Support for the new Canvas Record Forms
Hello everyone! Have you ever wanted to trigger actions on click of a canvas button, icon, or text mandatory forms in Create/Edit and Clone Pages? Have you ever wanted to control how elements behave on the new Canvas Record Forms? This can be achievedKaizen #142: How to Navigate to Another Page in Zoho CRM using Client Script
Hello everyone! Welcome back to another exciting Kaizen post. In this post, let us see how you can you navigate to different Pages using Client Script. In this Kaizen post, Need to Navigate to different Pages Client Script ZDKs related to navigation A.Kaizen #210 - Answering your Questions | Event Management System using ZDK CLI
Hello Everyone, Welcome back to yet another post in the Kaizen Series! As you already may know, for the Kaizen #200 milestone, we asked for your feedback and many of you suggested topics for us to discuss. We have been writing on these topics over the
New to Zoho TeamInbox?
Zoho TeamInbox Resources
Zoho CRM Plus Resources
Zoho Books Resources
Zoho Subscriptions Resources
Zoho Projects Resources
Zoho Sprints Resources
Qntrl Resources
Zoho Creator Resources
Zoho CRM Resources
Design. Discuss. Deliver.
Zoho Show Resources
Get Started. Write Away!
Writer is a powerful online word processor, designed for collaborative work.
Zoho CRM コンテンツ
-
オンラインヘルプ
-
Webセミナー
-
機能活用動画
-
よくある質問
-
Ebook
-
-
Zoho Campaigns
- Zoho サービスのWebセミナー
その他のサービス コンテンツ
Nederlandse Hulpbronnen
ご検討中の方
Recent Topics
Say Hello to Telephony in Zoho FSM
Zoho FSM now brings complete telephony support so your team can manage inbound and outbound calls without switching tabs. Faster responses, smarter routing, and total call visibility—all in one place. Choose the telephony setup that works for you Zoho’sE-Invoicing in Belgium with Zoho Inventory
Starting January 1, 2026, Belgium is introducing mandatory electronic invoices (e-invoicing) for all B2B transactions between VAT-registered businesses. Invoices and credits notes must be exchanged in a prescribed digital format. How E-Invoicing WorksEmployee ID is not correct in get records api V2 for leave
Hi Team, We are facing an issue when calling the Get Records API V2. The employee.id returned in the response is not the actual employee record ID in Zoho People. As a result, our integration is forced to make an additional Get Record API call for everyFormatting Mailing Labels
I want to use the "Print Mailing Labels" function on the drop down list, but I am not seeing a way to change the formatting on the mailing labels. At the moment, the information that appears on the mailing labels ARE NOT mailing addresses, but randomZoho People. Updating TabularData
I am trying to update tabular data in the record. I always have the same response. I have checked many times. Section ID is correct. May be something wrong with request structure itself. Can someone help me. Body content type: form urlencoded query paramsCanvas View - Print
What is the best way to accomplish a print to PDF of the canvas view? Latest update (27th November 2025): We are excited to announce that the Canvas Print View is now available! We encourage you all to try it out and share your feedback with us. LearnNew to automation - please help
Hi there! We are new to automations in Zoho. We built out one automation campaign and it seems to be firing off for some people but others not. Please advise what's the best practice or if anything we should tweak. Thank you so much!Zia Conversation Summary: Context at a glance for every customer interaction
Hello everyone! Every customer conversation tells a story—but in CRM, that story is rarely in one place. A sales rep moving between multiple leads has to reopen long email threads, check call remarks, and revisit meeting notes just to remember what wasHow to set a fixed width of column/cells
Is there a way to set a 'fixed' width for cells in zoho sheet? I know how to adjust the size of the colums.... but after I past a large block of text into a cell, it expands the cell size again. (yes, I have turned off word wrap) How can I set a fixed width so the cells don't change size each time I add data to a cell? Thanks.Workdrive Oauth2 Token Isn't Refreshing
I have set up oauth for a bunch of zoho apis and have never had a problem with oauth. With workdrive i am using the exact same template i usually use for the other zoho apps and it is not working. All requests will work for the first hour then stops soSingle Portal for Multiple Apps
Hello, I'm just getting started with Zoho and I'm very overwhelmed. I am currently using the free trial of Zoho One, but if I can figure it out, I intend to upgrade to the paid version. Zoho One, of course, gives me access to an entire suite of services/applications. One of the things I'd like to do is have a single place for clients (customers?) to log in and view current projects, invoices, contact information, etc. A single login for my clients. A single portal. I've come across documentation【開催報告】 大阪 ユーザー交流会 2025/11/20（木）Zoho CRM Plus 活用のアイデアとデータの“見える化”
皆さま、こんにちは。コミュニティチームの中野です。 11/20（木）に、大阪 ユーザー交流会を開催しました。本投稿では、その様子をお届けします。 当日の登壇資料などもこちらに共有しますので、参加できなかった皆さまもご参照ください。 （Zoho 社員セッションの登壇資料については、11/28(金)に開催予定の東京回の開催報告で共有いたします） 今年2回目の開催となる大阪 ユーザー交流会では、株式会社KDDIウェブコミュニケーションズ 山田さんによる Zoho CRM Plus の事例セッションのほか、「ZohoEvery rating counts: Shaping customer experience
We are back to that beautiful time of the year. It is the season to reflect, be thankful, and appreciate everything that has happened throughout the year. Thanksgiving is a time we connect with our family, friends, and relatives to strengthen relationships,How to remove duplicate contacts
Custom Field for Subscription
Hi, I can't find a way to add a custom field (to contain a license key generated from our software) against a subscription? Is the only place to add this information in the Invoice module (as custom field for invoice)? When a customer views his subscription via the customer portal, there appears no way to display a license key for them? The invoice is not the natural place to store a license key for a particular subscription, so where else can this be stored and displayed?Custom View and Custom Fields on Zoho Books
Hi, I have some custom fields on Estimates and Invoices. I also use Custom Views so I can have a lot of information at a glance. I want to include my custom fields as columns in my custom views of estimates / invoice, but it looks like is not possible.Dropdown data depends on filters in another field.
In my quote form I have a lookup field called Reseller that pulls from Accounts. I would like it to pull from Accounts, but only those accounts with an account field 'Type' where that is 'Reseller'. Does anyone know a way to do this? Similarly, I'd likeIs it possible to adjust the web browser tab title (when a ZoHo Desk ticket is opened)
Hi All, When I open a ZoHo Desk ticket in a web browser, the tab title (text that appears at the top of the browser tab) uses the logic: *company icon picture* (xxxx) #ticket number - company name See below (highlighted in red) for reference. CompanyCollections Management: #7 Common Mistakes during Payment Collection
Payment collection may appear straightforward in most cases. Still, as your customer base expands and transaction volume increases, it becomes clear that even small inefficiencies can lead to delayed payments, increased support load, or even revenue loss.Rename Record Summary PDF in SendMail task
So I've been tasked with renaming a record summary PDF to be sent as part of a sendmail task. Normally I would offer the manual solution, a user exports the PDF and uploads it to a file upload field, however this is not acceptable to the client in thisRecruit API search
Hi all, Attempting to call the search api endpoint from Postman using the word element as mentioned in api docs Search Records - APIs | Online Help - Zoho Recruit When making the call to /v2/Candidates/search?word=Saudi receive response of { "code": "MANDATORY_NOT_FOUND",Text/SMS With Zoho Desk
Hi Guys- Considering using SMS to get faster responses from customers that we are helping. Have a bunch of questions; 1) Which provider is better ClickaTell or Screen Magic. Screen Magic seems easier to setup, but appears to be 2x as expensive for United States. I cannot find the sender id for Clickatell to even complete the configuration. 2) Can customer's reply to text messages? If so are responses linked back to the zoho ticket? If not, how are you handling this, a simple "DO NOT REPLY" asCustom Field in Zoho Projects pulling into Analytics
We have a client that we have built our their new business process using Zoho Projects, and we have build a lot of custom fields with their their Projects where they are capturing specific data points that we want to be able to track and pull data, asMarketer's Space - Holiday season email marketing tips you should know
Hello Marketers! Welcome back to another post in Marketer's Space! 'Tis the season—that time of the year everyone eagerly anticipates. While most look forward to relaxing, marketers will be super-busy from late November to early January. Mistakes canZia Competitor Alerts made easy with Zia's suggestions
Hi everyone, In addition to the existing manually added competitors, Zia will now find your competitors for you - instantly. Earlier, you had to identify competitors through research manually, support tickets, or tradeshows—a time-consuming process thatAdd Custom Field Inside Parts Section
How to Add Custom Field Inside Parts Section in Workorder like Category and Sub- CategoryZoho CRM Community Digest October 2025 | Part 2
Hello Everyone! From new mobile capabilities and smarter integrations to real-world workflow fixes and developer insights, all the highlights from the second half of October is covered right here. Let’s dive in. Product Updates: Zoho CRM Mobile Updates:Understanding Zoho Contracts
Effective contract management relies on systems that are structured, organized, and reliable. Every feature, workflow, rule, and restriction in Zoho Contracts are designed the way they are to ensure consistency, compliance, and control across every stageTip of the Week #76– Automate your inbox during vacation in Zoho TeamInbox
When you're on vacation or away from your desk, the last thing you want is for important emails to be missed or left unanswered. The good news is, you can easily set up rules in Zoho TeamInbox to assign incoming messages automatically to a teammate who'sDomain restriction for User Management actions in Zoho One
Greetings, Zoho One Admins! To strengthen account security further and safeguard user management settings, we are imposing domain-based restrictions for user account-focused admin actions in Zoho One. In addition to password reset of user, organizationZoho Mail iOS app update: Signature
Hello everyone! In the latest version(3.1.7) of the Zoho Mail app update, we have brought in support to create, edit and remove signature within the app. You can create signature from the compose screen as well as from within the Settings module(insideDesktop app doesn't support notecards created on Android
Hi, Does anybody have same problem? Some of last notecards created on Android app (v. 6.6) doesn't show in desktop app (v. 3.5.5). I see these note cards but whith they appear with exclamation mark in yellow triangle (see screenshot) and when I try toApproval Button in Subform
Hi Team, I’m working on a subform-based requirement where users will submit requests, and these requests must go through approval by multiple team managers. Each line item in the subform needs to be individually approved or declined based on the user'sSetting checkbox value on template in Sign from Creator
Good day, Please help me understand how do I set a tick from a checkbox in Creator into a checkbox on a Sign template. Below is the only values on the Sign template and the code from Creator, "field_boolean_data": {}, "field_date_data": {}, "field_radio_data":Zoho Projects - Unread Comment Icon
Hi Projects Team, It would be great if there was a notification I con on the comments icon so it's easy to see which tasks have new comments. Something like a red circle with a number of unread comments would be great. Thanks for considering my feedZoho Projects - Update Feed via API
Hi Projects Team, Please consider adding an API to allow update and retrieval of messages to the Feed. Thank youAutomated log-out/session end
I'm concerned about security of our data. Is it possible to set an automatic time-out for user sessions on Zoho CRM, after a certain period of inactivity or when the session reaches a certain duration (12 hours perhaps)?Subform auto populate values
Hi Team, I’m trying to retrieve values from Zoho People using API functions and dynamically populate them into a subform. For example, I’ve created a form with several fields that users will fill out. Based on their input, I need to fetch records fromWhat is New in CRM Functions?
What is New in CRM Functions? Hello everyone! We're delighted to share that Functions in Zoho CRM have had a few upgrades that would happen in phases. Phase 1 An all new built-in editor for better user experience and ease of use. ETA: In a couple of days.Gantt Chart - Zoho Analytics
Are there any plans to add Gantt Charts capabilities to Zoho Analytics?Next Page