Kaizen #192 - Implementing Custom Token Persistence in Python SDK

Welcome back to another week of Kaizen!

Last week, we discussed how to implement Login with Zoho using OAuth 2.0 and saw how to bring it to life in a real-world application with the Zoho CRM Python SDK. We also discussed how Zylker Academy built a custom student portal powered by Zoho authentication.

In our sample project, we used the file-based persistence method, a simple setup where the access and refresh tokens are stored in a local file. While this method is great for getting started, it might not always fit your business requirements.

That is why our SDKs offer multiple ways to persist your tokens.

This week, we will explore why token persistence matters for your app’s secure operation, and how to implement custom token persistence methods, including a practical example using SQLite.

Why does token persistence matter?

When a user logs in via OAuth, Zoho returns two tokens:

An access token (valid for one hour), used to access Zoho CRM data.
A refresh token, used to get a new access token when the current one expires.

If your app does not store these tokens properly, your users will be forced to log in again every time they make an API call. Or every time their access token gets expired. That is not inconvenient; it is a poor user experience.

When you use Zoho CRM SDKs, this is all handled for you behind the scenes. When you first authenticate with Zoho, the SDK stores your access and refresh tokens. Later, when a token expires, the SDK automatically uses the refresh token to get a new one. All you have to do is configure and initialize the SDK, and you are ready to start making API calls using the different methods offered by our SDKs!

From the user’s perspective, it means:

They do not have to log in every time.
Their sessions are automatically renewed without interruption.
Token revocation can be done centrally.

From a developer’s perspective:

You can control how and where tokens are stored.
You have control to enforce policies like session timeouts or token cleanup.

Supported token persistence options

The Zoho CRM SDKs support three token persistence mechanisms:

File Persistence:

As we have already seen in last week's Kaizen, in this method, the tokens are stored in a local file of your choice. This can be configured while configuring and initializing the SDK. While this is simple and great for internal and local use, it might not always meet the needs of a growing business. For instance, if the file gets deleted or corrupted, you lose the tokens. It also poses a security risk, as storing tokens in files may expose them to unauthorised access if the file is not properly secured.

Database Persistence:

This stores tokens in a MySQL database, making it better suited for production environments. It is more robust and can handle larger-scale user management.

Using this persistence method, you can only provide the following connection parameters - host, DB name, table name, username, password, and port number.

Custom Persistence:

But what if neither of these options fits your needs? Maybe you are working in an environment without traditional storage like AWS's Secret Manager, or you prefer any other Database, or running a microservice in a container where local storage is more practical. That is where Custom Token Persistence comes in.

Custom Token Persistence

Custom persistence means you can implement your own logic for storing and retrieving OAuth tokens, instead of relying on the SDK’s default mechanism. To do this, you should create a class that implements the TokenStore interface and override a standard set of methods, each handling a specific part of the token lifecycle.

Here’s what your custom class must implement:

Method	Purpose	Return Type
find_token(self, token)	Given a token, return a full Token (OAuthToken) object from storage. Used before making any CRM API call.	Token(OAuthToken) object
save_token(self, token)	Called right after Zoho returns a new access/refresh token. Your implementation must persist it.	None
delete_token(self, id)	Delete a specific token using its unique ID.	None
get_tokens(self)	Return all stored tokens.	A list of Token(OAuthToken) objects
delete_tokens()	Delete all stored tokens. Useful during cleanup or logout.	None
find_token_by_id(id)	Retrieve a token by its unique identifier.	Token(OAuthToken) object

The token object is an instance of OAuthToken. The SDK will invoke these methods automatically as part of its flow. You just have to focus on where and how to store the tokens. With this, you can persist tokens to any storage as long as your class handles these methods correctly.

Understanding the token object

Before we dive deeper into custom token persistence, let's clarify what this token (OAuthToken) object is and how you should work with it.

The token object is an instance of OAuthToken. This class bundles all the credentials and details the SDK needs to authenticate your API requests. Here’s what it holds:

access_token
refresh_token
client_id
client_secret
redirect_url
expires_in
user_signature
id
api_domain

Implementing Custom Token Persistence with SQLite

Now that we've covered the basics of token persistence and how Zoho SDK supports custom stores, let’s dive into a practical, real-world example using SQLite as the backend for storing tokens.

SQLite is a lightweight, file-based database engine. It is perfect when you want a persistent store without the complexity of a full database server.

The CustomStoreSQLite Class

This class implements all six required methods of the TokenStore interface using SQLite as the backend.

1. Initialization and Table Setup

When you create a CustomStoreSQLite object, it immediately checks if the token table exists in the SQLite database file zohooauth.db. If the DB or the table is missing, its __init__() method creates one with all the necessary columns to store token details like id, user_name, client_id, client_secret, refresh_token, access_token, grant_token, expiry_time, redirect_url and api_domain.

def __init__(self):

"""

Initializes the SQLite database and sets up the oauthtoken table if needed.

"""

self.db_name = 'zohooauth.db'

if not self.check_table_exists():

connection = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

cursor = connection.cursor()

cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE oauthtoken (id varchar(10) NOT NULL,user_name varchar(255), client_id "

"varchar(255), client_secret varchar(255), refresh_token varchar(255), access_token "

"varchar(255), grant_token varchar(255), expiry_time varchar(20), redirect_url varchar("

"255), api_domain varchar(255), primary key (id))")

cursor.close()

This means the first time your app runs, it sets up its own database schema automatically.

2. Saving a Token - save_token(self, token)

Purpose:

This method is called every time Zoho returns a new token, whether after a login or a token refresh. Your implementation is responsible for safely persisting this token, typically by upserting (inserting or updating) a row in your database that uniquely identifies the token’s user and client combination.

Expected behaviour:

The method must store the token in your custom database or storage system.

If a matching token already exists (based on user, refresh token, or client credentials), it should be updated.
If no match exists, a new entry must be created.
Tokens should not be duplicated. Multiple users should be managed separately.

Input Parameters: An instance of Token(OAuthToken) class containing details like access token, refresh token, user signature, client ID/secret, etc.

Return value: None. But must raise exceptions on failure.

Sample Implementation using SQLite:

Here is the logic used in the implementation of save_token() method:

If the user name is available, use it to update the token.
If no user name but the access token is available in the table, update by the access token.
If there is a refresh or grant token with the same client credentials, then update accordingly.
If none of these match, insert as a new row.

def save_token(self, token):

if not isinstance(token, OAuthToken):

return

cursor = None

connection = None

try:

connection = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

oauth_token = token

query = "update oauthtoken set "

if oauth_token.get_user_signature() is not None:

name = oauth_token.get_user_signature().get_name()

if name is not None and len(name) > 0:

query = query + self.set_token(oauth_token) + " where user_name='" + name + "'"

elif oauth_token.get_access_token() is not None and len(oauth_token.get_access_token()) > 0 and \

self.are_all_objects_null([oauth_token.get_client_id(), oauth_token.get_client_secret()]):

query = query + self.set_token(

oauth_token) + " where access_token='" + oauth_token.get_access_token() + "'"

elif ((oauth_token.get_refresh_token() is not None and len(oauth_token.get_refresh_token()) > 0) or

(oauth_token.get_grant_token() is not None and len(

oauth_token.get_grant_token()) > 0)) and oauth_token.get_client_id() is not None \

and oauth_token.get_client_secret() is not None:

if oauth_token.get_grant_token() is not None and len(oauth_token.get_grant_token()) > 0:

query = query + self.set_token(

oauth_token) + " where grant_token='" + oauth_token.get_grant_token() + "'"

elif oauth_token.get_refresh_token() is not None and len(oauth_token.get_refresh_token()) > 0:

query = query + self.set_token(

oauth_token) + " where refresh_token='" + oauth_token.get_refresh_token() + "'"

query = query + " limit 1"

try:

cursor = connection.cursor()

cursor.execute(query)

if cursor.rowcount <= 0:

if oauth_token.get_id() is not None or oauth_token.get_user_signature() is not None:

if oauth_token.get_refresh_token() is None and oauth_token.get_grant_token() is None \

and oauth_token.get_access_token() is None:

raise SDKException(Constants.TOKEN_STORE, Constants.GET_TOKEN_DB_ERROR1)

if oauth_token.get_id() is None:

newId = str(self.generate_id())

oauth_token.set_id(newId)

query = "insert into oauthtoken (id,user_name,client_id,client_secret,refresh_token,access_token," \

"grant_token,expiry_time,redirect_url,api_domain) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?);"

val = (token.get_id(),

token.get_user_signature().get_name() if token.get_user_signature() is not None else None,

token.get_client_id(), token.get_client_secret(), token.get_refresh_token(),

token.get_access_token(), token.get_grant_token(), token.get_expires_in(),

token.get_redirect_url(), token.get_api_domain())

cursor.execute(query, val)

except Error as e:

raise e

finally:

connection.commit()

cursor.close() if cursor is not None else None

connection.close() if connection is not None else None

except Exception as ex:

raise SDKException(Constants.TOKEN_STORE, Constants.SAVE_TOKEN_DB_ERROR, cause=ex)

3: Fetching a Token - find_token(self, token)

Purpose:

This is the method the SDK calls whenever it needs to make an API call on behalf of a user, but has only partial token information.

Depending on the token flow - Grant Token, Refresh Token, Access Token, or ID-based - only a specific token or ID may be provided during the API call. In such cases, find_token(self, token) method locates and return the complete OAuthToken object from storage if a matching one exists. If no matching token exists in the storage, this method will return None, and the SDK will proceed to generate a new token with the provided details and save it using the save_token(self, token) method.

Expected behavior:

Based on the available details in the input token (user name, access token, refresh or grant token), this method should query storage and return a complete token object.
If no match is found, it should return None.

Input Parameters: A partially filled Token(OAuthToken) object.

Return value: A fully populated Token object if found, or None.

Sample Implementation using SQLite:

The find_token(self, token) method implementation does the following:

Dynamically builds a WHERE clause based on available attributes.
Queries the database for a matching record.
Fetches the matching record, if any, and populates the Token object with the full set of stored values (access token, refresh token, expiry time, etc.).
Returns the Token object if a matching record is found, or return None.

Without this method, your app wouldn’t know which token to use during API calls. For example, consider the case when a user reopens your app after hours. You have their refresh token stored. The SDK calls find_token(self, token) to get the full token and proceeds without requiring a fresh login.

def find_token(self, token):

cursor = None

connection = None

try:

connection = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

if isinstance(token, OAuthToken):

oauth_token = token

query = "select * from oauthtoken"

if oauth_token.get_user_signature() is not None:

name = oauth_token.get_user_signature().get_name()

if name is not None and len(name) > 0:

query = query + " where user_name='" + name + "'"

elif oauth_token.get_access_token() is not None and self.are_all_objects_null(

[oauth_token.get_client_id(), oauth_token.get_client_secret()]):

query = query + " where access_token='" + oauth_token.get_access_token() + "'"

elif oauth_token.get_refresh_token() is not None or oauth_token.get_grant_token() is not None and \

oauth_token.get_client_id() is not None and oauth_token.get_client_secret() is not None:

if oauth_token.get_grant_token() is not None and len(oauth_token.get_grant_token()) > 0:

query = query + " where grant_token='" + oauth_token.get_grant_token() + "'"

elif oauth_token.get_refresh_token() is not None and len(oauth_token.get_refresh_token()) > 0:

query = query + " where refresh_token='" + oauth_token.get_refresh_token() + "'"

query = query + " limit 1"

cursor = connection.cursor()

cursor.execute(query)

result = cursor.fetchone()

if result is None:

return None

self.set_merge_data(oauth_token, result)

except Exception as ex:

raise SDKException(Constants.TOKEN_STORE, Constants.GET_TOKEN_DB_ERROR1, cause=ex)

finally:

cursor.close() if cursor is not None else None

connection.close() if connection is not None else None

return token

4: Deleting a Token - delete_token(self, id)

Purpose:

Delete a specific token record from storage based on a unique token ID. It is commonly used when a user logs out or an admin revokes access for a user.

Expected behaviour:

Locate the token record by its unique ID.
Delete the corresponding record from storage.

Input Parameters: The token ID to be deleted.

Return values: None

Sample Implementation using SQLite:

def delete_token(self, id):

cursor = None

try:

connection = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

try:

cursor = connection.cursor()

query = "delete from oauthtoken where id= " + id + ";"

cursor.execute(query)

connection.commit()

except Error as ex:

raise ex

finally:

cursor.close() if cursor is not None else None

connection.close() if connection is not None else None

except Error as ex:

raise SDKException(code=Constants.TOKEN_STORE, message=Constants.DELETE_TOKEN_DB_ERROR, cause=ex)

5: Deleting All Tokens - delete_tokens(self)

Purpose: Delete all tokens from storage, typically used for global logout or cleanup scenarios.

Expected behaviour: Remove all token records from storage in a single operation.

Input Parameters: None

Return Values: None

Sample Implementation using SQLite:

def delete_tokens(self):

cursor = None

try:

connection = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

try:

cursor = connection.cursor()

query = "delete from oauthtoken;"

cursor.execute(query)

self.connection.commit()

except Error as ex:

raise ex

finally:

cursor.close() if cursor is not None else None

connection.close() if connection is not None else None

except Error as ex:

raise SDKException(code=Constants.TOKEN_STORE, message=Constants.DELETE_TOKENS_DB_ERROR, cause=ex)

6: Fetch all tokens - get_tokens(self)

Purpose: Retrieve all currently stored tokens.

Expected behaviour:

Query storage for all token records.
Construct and return a list of token objects

Input Parameters: None

Return Value: A list of Token objects representing all stored tokens.

Sample Implementation using SQLite:

def get_tokens(self):

cursor = None

try:

connection = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

tokens = []

try:

cursor = connection.cursor()

query = "select * from oauthtoken;"

cursor.execute(query)

results = cursor.fetchall()

for result in results:

oauth_token = object.__new__(OAuthToken)

self.set_oauth_token(oauth_token)

self.set_merge_data(oauth_token, result)

tokens.append(oauth_token)

return tokens

except Error as ex:

raise ex

finally:

cursor.close() if cursor is not None else None

connection.close() if connection is not None else None

except Error as ex:

raise SDKException(code=Constants.TOKEN_STORE, message=Constants.GET_TOKENS_DB_ERROR, cause=ex)

7. Finding a Token by ID - find_token_by_id(self, id)

Purpose: Retrieve a specific token by its unique id.

Expected behaviour:

Search storage for a token with the given ID.
If found, return the complete token object; if not, return None.

Input Parameters: The unique identifier of the token (id)

Return Values: Returns a fully populated Token(OAuthToken) object if found; otherwise, returns None.

Sample Implementation using SQLite:

This method should follows a similar pattern to find_token, but use the unique id as the search key.

def find_token_by_id(self, id):

cursor = None

try:

connection = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

try:

query = "select * from oauthtoken where id='" + id + "'"

oauth_token = object.__new__(OAuthToken)

self.set_oauth_token(oauth_token)

cursor = connection.cursor()

cursor.execute(query)

results = cursor.fetchall()

if results is None or len(results) <= 0:

raise SDKException(Constants.TOKEN_STORE, Constants.GET_TOKEN_BY_ID_DB_ERROR)

for result in results:

self.set_merge_data(oauth_token, result)

return oauth_token

except Error as ex:

raise ex

finally:

cursor.close() if cursor is not None else None

connection.close() if connection is not None else None

except Error as ex:

raise SDKException(code=Constants.TOKEN_STORE, message=Constants.GET_TOKEN_BY_ID_DB_ERROR, cause=ex)

Please find the complete custom_store_sqlite.py file here.

How to use this in your project

To start using this custom token persistence class in your own Python project, follow these steps:

Download the custom_store_sqlite.py and place this inside your project directory.
Import the class in the script where you initialize the SDK. In our sample project, this is the record.py file.
from store.custom_store_sqlite import CustomStoreSQLite
In the SDK configuration, use the CustomStoreSQLite method instead of the FireStore method:

def init(self, client_id, code, location, redirect_url):

environment = DataCenter.get(location)

client_secret = "17565609051856218813123b9a98de52c301722b7d"

logger = Logger.get_instance(level=Logger.Levels.INFO,

file_path="./logs.txt")

store = CustomStoreSQLite()

token = OAuthToken(client_id=client_id,

client_secret=client_secret,

grant_token=code,

redirect_url=redirect_url)

Initializer.initialize(environment=environment,

token=token,

logger=logger,

store=store)

That’s it! With this, all token operations (save, fetch, delete) will be routed through your custom store backed by SQLite.

The above video demonstrates this is in action. You can see what the database looks like when populated.

More Custom Persistence Implementations

The advantage of using Zoho CRM SDKs is that it doesn't box you in. You are free to implement token persistence in a way that fits your business logic, team expertise, or project requirements. Whether you prefer SQLite, NoSQL, or something entirely different, the SDK gives you full control through the TokenStore interface.

In the SQLite example above, we walked through how to implement a custom store using a persistent file-based database. You need to implement all the methods as explained in the previous section, no matter where you decide to persist your tokens.

To make things easier, we have included two additional reference implementations:

An in-memory store, where tokens are stored in a dictionary
A list-based store, which keeps token records as simple lists

Each one fully implements the required methods of the TokenStore interface.

SQLite In-Memory DB

This implementation uses SQLite's in-memory mode (using ":memory:") to store tokens in RAM. Here, we have implemented all the required methods from the TokenStore interface: find_token(), save_token(), delete_token(), get_tokens(), delete_tokens() and find_token_by_id().

Please find the custom_store_in_memory.py file here.

List-Based Persistence Using Simple Lists

The second reference implementation is a list-based token store that keeps token records in an in-memory Python list of lists. Each inner list represents a token’s attributes, such as ID, user signature, client ID, access token, refresh token, and so on.

This custom store fully implements all required methods from the TokenStore interface.

Please find the custom_store_list.py file here.

We hope this was useful and gives you enough info to build your own token persistence methods tailored to your needs. We used Python SDK here, but you can apply the same logic with any of our other SDKs. It is all the same logic, just different programming languages. Just remember to implement the required methods exactly as expected by the SDK, as explained here.

Give it a try, and please let us know how it goes or if you hit any bumps! Comment below, or send an email to support@zohocrm.com. We will be waiting to hear from you!

Happy coding!

We are excited to be approaching the 200th post in our Kaizen series! As we get closer to this milestone, we would love to hear from you. Have questions, suggestions, or topics you would like us to cover in our future Kaizen posts? Your feedback helps us make the series even better.

Please take a moment to share your thoughts with us using this form - we'd really appreciate it!

Previous Kaizen: Kaizen #191 - Implementing "Login with Zoho" using Python SDK | Kaizen Directory

Download Links:

Sample project files

Further Reading:

Access your files securely from anywhere

Centralize Knowledge. Transform Learning.

All-in-one knowledge management and training platform for your employees and customers.

Access Zoho Learn

Quick Links

New to Zoho Recruit?

Access Zoho Recruit

New to Zoho Forms?

Latest Feature Updates

Explore our Pricing & Plans

Zoho Developer Community

New to Zoho LandingPage?

Access Zoho LandingPage

Zoho LandingPage Resources

New to Zoho Survey?

Access Zoho Survey

Latest Feature Updates

Explore our Pricing & Plans

Zoho Survey Resources

Android Mobile Surveys

Insurvey Blogs

Insight Blogs

Tips & Tricks

New to Zoho CRM Plus?

Deliver unforgettable customer experiences

ACCESS ZOHO CRM PLUS

New to Zoho CRM Plus?

Deliver unforgettable customer experiences

ACCESS ZOHO CRM PLUS

New to Zoho Marketing Plus?

Everything you need to run your marketing

ACCESS ZOHO MARKETING PLUS

New to Zoho Marketing Plus?

Everything you need to run your marketing

ACCESS ZOHO MARKETING PLUS

New to Bigin?

Signup Now

Access Bigin

Latest Feature Updates

Desk Community Learning Series
Digest
Functions
Meetups
Kbase
Resources
Glossary
Desk Marketplace
MVP Corner
Word of the Day
Ask the Experts

Tout forum

France ZUGs

Zoho SalesIQ Resources

Topic Participants
Anu Abraham

Sticky Posts
Kaizen #198: Using Client Script for Custom Validation in Blueprint
Nearing 200th Kaizen Post – 1 More to the Big Two-Oh-Oh! Do you have any questions, suggestions, or topics you would like us to cover in future posts? Your insights and suggestions help us shape future content and make this series better for everyone.
Kaizen #226: Using ZRC in Client Script
Hello everyone! Welcome to another week of Kaizen. In today's post, lets see what is ZRC (Zoho Request Client) and how we can use ZRC methods in Client Script to get inputs from a Salesperson and update the Lead status with a single button click. In this
Kaizen #222 - Client Script Support for Notes Related List
Hello everyone! Welcome to another week of Kaizen. The final Kaizen post of the year 2025 is here! With the new Client Script support for the Notes Related List, you can validate, enrich, and manage notes across modules. In this post, we’ll explore how
Kaizen #217 - Actions APIs : Tasks
Welcome to another week of Kaizen! In last week's post we discussed Email Notifications APIs which act as the link between your Workflow automations and you. We have discussed how Zylker Cloud Services uses Email Notifications API in their custom dashboard.
Kaizen #216 - Actions APIs : Email Notifications
Welcome to another week of Kaizen! For the last three weeks, we have been discussing Zylker's workflows. We successfully updated a dormant workflow, built a new one from the ground up and more. But our work is not finished—these automated processes are

New to Zoho Social?

Manage your brands on social media

Access Zoho Social

Zoho Pagesense Resources

New to Zoho TeamInbox?

Zoho TeamInbox Resources

Zoho DataPrep Resources

New to Zoho DataPrep?

Access Zoho DataPrep

Zoho CRM Plus Resources

Zoho Books Resources

Zoho Subscriptions Resources

Zoho Projects Resources

Zoho Sprints Resources

Qntrl Resources

Zoho Creator Resources

Zoho CRM Resources

CRM Community Learning Series
Kaizen
Functions
Meetups
Kbase
Resources
Digest
CRM Marketplace
MVP Corner

Design. Discuss. Deliver.

Create visually engaging stories with Zoho Show.

Get Started Now

Zoho Show Resources

Get Started. Write Away!

Writer is a powerful online word processor, designed for collaborative work.

Start Writing

Zoho CRM コンテンツ

その他のサービスコンテンツ

Zoho Campaigns
Zoho サービスのWebセミナー

Nederlandse Hulpbronnen

ご検討中の方

Recent Topics
Please design a better spam filter
Hi Team, While I love Zoho Mail for all the awesome features you have designed - this is the one you need to do a lot of work on - Spam Filter. Your spam categorization seems to be very inefficient - any email containing brand images or a tracking pixel
Host not reachable when sending
For few partner that I send regular emails now got error and they don't receive emails Temporary failure fam-xxx.hr/185.xx.xx.xxx Host not reachable. Have more than 20 mails in https://mailadmin.zoho.eu/cpanel/home.do#mailSettings/retryEmail please
IP flagged as abusive
I'm getting the error that 136.143.188.15 is listed as abusive. I've checked with mxtoolbox.com and it is indeed in the list
App passwords stop working
Some of my app passwords appear to stop working after awhile. Seems to happen every 6 months or so. Just had to change one again for the second time in a year. Is this a bug or a feature? Or perhaps changes are being made on the back end on occasion that
Duplicate entries for contacts birthdays
Good morning I have recently started to use my Zoho calendar and noticed that there are multiple birthday events showing for some of my contacts. I have checked my contacts and there were duplicates for some contacts which I have now rectified but the
Problem: New Email Consistently Failing to Sync/Display in Inbox
Recently, I have noticed that my Zoho Email inbox does not indicate I've received a new email, until I go to *another* folder and then return to the inbox. Only then will new emails be displayed. This has happened 100% of the time, during the past few
Zoho IMAP Access to mail doesn't sync messages
As stated in the topic - I have company account email address setup, and it has ( as in the picutre ) ActiveSync and Imap access enabled. However the messages does not show up while logged in in Zoho Mail however when I log in in thunderbird everything
Cliq iOS can't see shared screen
Hello, I had this morning a video call with a colleague. She is using Cliq Desktop MacOS and wanted to share her screen with me. I'm on iPad. I noticed, while she shared her screen, I could only see her video, but not the shared screen... Does Cliq iOS is able to display shared screen, or is it somewhere else to be found ? Regards
Temps working custom view in Zoho Recruit
How do you create a custom view of temps working for this week. I have tried multiple combinations of job status, start date, end date etc but I am unable to find the correct combinations to show the temps I have working this week?? Any suggestions on how I can do this.
Client Scripts similar to CRM?
Hi, Is there any plans for Client Scripts to become a feature of Recruit? Feel this will be a great benefit to a number of users. Would be great for example in cases where a Client has banned / blacklisted a Candidate - so that if that candidate is associated
Announcing Zoho Sheet desktop app for macOS and Windows (Beta)
Hello Sheet users, We know you’ve been waiting for this one. It has always been the top priority on our roadmap to provide a single native desktop app for macOS and Windows that works both online and offline. Today, we are excited to announce that the
Automated entries past the current month in a calendar report
Hi all, I have an automation problem. I have a form which on successfull entry adds either 5 or 10 more of these entries with a slight change so our customers can see it throug a calendar report on the webiste. The entry put in manually shows up perfectly
Billing Status Update
Hello Latha, I’m working on a new automation (deluge) to fulfill one of our requirements. In this automation, there is a step to update the Work Order billing status from “Not Yet Invoiced” to “Non-Billable.” I tried to find the API information relevant
What's New in Zoho POS - April 2026
Hello everyone, Welcome to Zoho POS’s monthly update, where we share our latest feature updates, enhancements, events, and more. Let’s take a look at how April went. Access and manage other web applications in Zoho POS with Web Tabs You can now access
Many Zoho POS Issues
Can not apply credits from a customers account as a form of payment. It shows that you can but there is a bug that does not execute the action. Reported many times. Can not view Sessions from Zoho POS WebView, throws a JQUERY error Workflows and actions
HOW I CAN GET BETA VERSION FOT TESTING
HI. ZOHO I AM INTERESTED IN YOUR BETA SOFTWARE TO EXPERIENCE NEW FEATURES.
Multiple EAN code for product
option to add multiple EAN code for product???
Issue adding/changing mobile number for OTP
Hi Zoho Community, I’m trying to add or change my mobile number, but I keep getting this error: “We’re unable to send OTP to this mobile number. Please contact support-as@eu.zohocorp.com” Because of this, I can’t verify my number or continue the setup.
Zoho Payroll Canada does not work
We submitted payroll within the required timelines. The money was withdrawn from our account and our employees have not been paid. Impossible to get a hold of someone at Zoho. I can’t believe the company operates like this. What a bloody disgrace. Shame
Enhance Appointment Buffers in Zoho Bookings
There was previously a long-standing feature request related to enhancing the way appointment buffers work in Zoho Bookings, but it looks like the original post has been deleted. I am therefore adding a new request that Zoho Bookings adjust how appointment
Functionality based URL to find records due today or in the next week
I need to construct a URL to filter a view to records where the evaluation is due soon (i.e. in the next 7 days). To me, that includes today, but Zoho has a different opinion. Zoho defines 39 as NEXT_7_DAYS but this gives unexpected results. https://creatorapp.zoho.eu/...#Report:My_Evaluations?Evaluation_due_by_op=39
Allow customers to choose meeting venue and meeting duration on booking page
My business primarily involves one-to-one meetings with my clients. Given the hybrid-work world we now find ourselves in, these meetings can take several forms (which I think of as the meeting "venue"): In-person Zoom Phone call I currently handle these
Event Time Zone in meeting invites are confusing users
When sending calendar invites to internal and external users, the first section "Event Time Zone" is confusing people and they are automatically declining events. Can this section please be removed??? It already shows the correct time zone next to the
Forwarding without verification
Hi, I use Tripit to keep track of all my business travel. I've recently moved over to Zoho and wanted to set up a forwarding rule to send various travel confirmation emails automatically to plans@tripit.com Obviously this is an email address I don't control,
Filter by user in Pivot Chart
I have a Pivot chart where the data should be filtered by user. The user enters the system and should see only the data that correspond to it. Can anyone help me?
All new Address Field in Zoho CRM: maintain structured and accurate address inputs
Availability Update: 29 September 2025: It's currently available for all new sign-ups and for existing Zoho CRM orgs which are in the Professional edition exclusively for IN DC users. 2 March 2026: Available to users in all DCs except US and EU DC. 24
Whatsapp Limitation Questions
Good day, I would like to find out about the functionality or possibility of all the below points within the Zoho/WhatsApp integration. Will WhatsApp buttons ever be possible in the future? Will WhatsApp Re-directs to different users be possible based
Internal mails on our company domain (managed by Zoho) do not get delivered
Hi last week Thursday and Friday a colleague had sent me two emails which did not show up at all in my inbox, spam or anywhere else. What this a problem with Zoho mail in general or did this affect just us? From the forum is reads like many problems had
#2 The Tax Talk Nobody Wants to Have
"We are also able to manage our GST invoices without worrying about compliance issues. With Zoho Invoice, we are happy, our tax consultant is happy, and so are our customers," rejoices Shivprateek Habib, Partner, Flutterboots Services LLP. That's usually
Bulk upload images and specifications to products
Hi, Many users have asked this over the years and I am also asking the same. Is there any way in which we can bulk upload product (variant) images and product specifications. The current way to upload/select image for every variant is too cumbersome.
Workflows fail silently in Zoho CRM and there is no native way to know
Workflow automation is honestly one of the biggest reasons my clients choose Zoho. But there is one problem I keep running into across almost every implementation. When a workflow fails, nobody finds out. Email alerts hit daily limits and just stop. Custom
Zoho Commerce and Third-party shipping (MachShip) API integration
We are implementing a third-party shipping (MachShip) API integration for our Zoho Commerce store and have made significant progress. However, we need guidance on a specific technical challenge. Current Challenge: We need to get the customer input to
Is there a way to update bounce domain after verification process has started
Hi Zeptomail Team, I've created a domain and we did not update the bounce domain to our custom record... the validation has already started and I am now unable to update the bounce domain. Is there any way to get this updated on the backend without deleting
Pre-orders at Zoho Commerce
We plan to have regular producs that are avaliable for purchase now and we plan to have products that will be avaliable in 2-4 weeks. How we can take the pre-orders for these products? We need to take the money for the product now, but the delivery will
How to Customize the Member Portal Login Page?
Hi everyone, I am currently using the default member portal login page for Zoho Commerce, but I feel it looks quite plain and doesn’t align well with my brand's style. I would like to make it more visually appealing, possibly by: Adding custom colors
Picklist values out-of-date in Campaigns
Hi I use a CRM (Global) picklist set of values for my field "Connection Strength" (see screenshot 1). . I use Campaigns to follow-up and change the Connection Strength value depending on their stage. The picklist values that appear in the dropdown for
Refering cell from other sheet
Hi, If we want to refer any cell in the same sheet its very easy, like suppose if I want to refer cell A2 in P7 I just need to type =A2 in P7, similarly how can I refer a cell present in different sheet ( I mean refer cell A2 from Sheet1 into Sheet2) Thanks
How to keep track of bags, cans, drums of inventory?
We buy and sell products that are packaged in bags 🛍️, cans🥫, drums🛢️, etc. with batch numbers. When we get a shipment of one of the products, how do we track we received (say) 10 cans each of 5L of a product and maybe we received 10 cans of another
Global/Overall Reports & Dashboards in Zoho Sprints
Hi, Do we have an option to refer Global Level Reports & Dashboards in Zoho Sprints? We could see that we have Project specific Reports & Dashboards inside every Project. However, for a management level we want Reports & Dashboards visibility at a Global
Important Update: New Fields Addition in Zoho Sprints Integration
We'd like to inform you of an upcoming update to the 'Timesheets' module in the Zoho Sprints integration from June 3, 2026. To enhance time tracking and reporting accuracy for the Zoho Sprints integration, three new fields - Log Type, Meeting ID, Release
Next Page

Kaizen #192 - Implementing Custom Token Persistence in Python SDK

Kaizen #192 - Implementing Custom Token Persistence in Python SDK

Why does token persistence matter?

Supported token persistence options

File Persistence:

Database Persistence:

Custom Persistence:

Custom Token Persistence

Understanding the token object

Implementing Custom Token Persistence with SQLite

The CustomStoreSQLite Class

1. Initialization and Table Setup

2. Saving a Token - save_token(self, token)

3: Fetching a Token - find_token(self, token)

4: Deleting a Token - delete_token(self, id)

5: Deleting All Tokens - delete_tokens(self)

6: Fetch all tokens - get_tokens(self)

7. Finding a Token by ID - find_token_by_id(self, id)

How to use this in your project

More Custom Persistence Implementations

SQLite In-Memory DB

List-Based Persistence Using Simple Lists

Access your files securely from anywhere

Zoho Developer Community

France ZUGs

Topic Participants

Anu Abraham

Sticky Posts

Kaizen #198: Using Client Script for Custom Validation in Blueprint

Kaizen #226: Using ZRC in Client Script

Kaizen #222 - Client Script Support for Notes Related List

Kaizen #217 - Actions APIs : Tasks

Kaizen #216 - Actions APIs : Email Notifications

Zoho TeamInbox Resources

Zoho CRM Plus Resources

Zoho Books Resources

Zoho Subscriptions Resources

Zoho Projects Resources

Zoho Sprints Resources

Qntrl Resources

Zoho Creator Resources

Zoho CRM Resources

Zoho Show Resources

Get Started. Write Away!

その他のサービス コンテンツ

Nederlandse Hulpbronnen

ご検討中の方

Recent Topics

Please design a better spam filter

Host not reachable when sending

IP flagged as abusive

App passwords stop working

Duplicate entries for contacts birthdays

Problem: New Email Consistently Failing to Sync/Display in Inbox

Zoho IMAP Access to mail doesn't sync messages

Cliq iOS can't see shared screen

Temps working custom view in Zoho Recruit

Client Scripts similar to CRM?

Announcing Zoho Sheet desktop app for macOS and Windows (Beta)

Automated entries past the current month in a calendar report

Billing Status Update

What's New in Zoho POS - April 2026

Many Zoho POS Issues

HOW I CAN GET BETA VERSION FOT TESTING

Multiple EAN code for product

Issue adding/changing mobile number for OTP

Zoho Payroll Canada does not work

Enhance Appointment Buffers in Zoho Bookings

Functionality based URL to find records due today or in the next week

Allow customers to choose meeting venue and meeting duration on booking page

Event Time Zone in meeting invites are confusing users

Forwarding without verification

Filter by user in Pivot Chart

All new Address Field in Zoho CRM: maintain structured and accurate address inputs

Whatsapp Limitation Questions

Internal mails on our company domain (managed by Zoho) do not get delivered

#2 The Tax Talk Nobody Wants to Have

Bulk upload images and specifications to products

Workflows fail silently in Zoho CRM and there is no native way to know

Zoho Commerce and Third-party shipping (MachShip) API integration

その他のサービスコンテンツ